home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
open in:
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
browse contents |
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was processed as: SHell self-extracting ARchive
(archive/shar).
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| dexvert
| SHell self-extracting ARchive (archive/shar)
| magic
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| Text File (text/txt)
| fallback
| Supported |
100%
| file
| POSIX shell script text executable
| default
| |
99%
| file
| a /bin/sh script, ASCII text executable
| default (weak)
| |
60%
| TrID
| shar SHell self-extracting aRchive
| default
| |
20%
| TrID
| OpenVPN profile (with rem)
| default (weak)
| |
12%
| TrID
| Xilinx User Constraints File
| default (weak)
| |
7%
| TrID
| Perl script
| default
| |
100%
| checkBytes
| Printable ASCII
| default
| |
100%
| perlTextCheck
| Likely Text (Perl)
| default
| |
100%
| gt2
| Shell Skript: '/bin/sh'
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| detectItEasy
| Format: plain text[LF]
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| binwalkID
| Executable script, shebang: "/bin/sh"
| default (weak)
| |
100%
| xdgMime
| application/x-shellscript
| default (weak)
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 23 21 20 2f 62 69 6e 2f | 73 68 0a 23 20 54 68 69 |#! /bin/|sh.# Thi|
|00000010| 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 | 68 65 6c 6c 20 61 72 63 |s is a s|hell arc|
|00000020| 68 69 76 65 2e 20 20 52 | 65 6d 6f 76 65 20 61 6e |hive. R|emove an|
|00000030| 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 62 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 74 68 |ything b|efore th|
|00000040| 69 73 20 6c 69 6e 65 2c | 20 74 68 65 6e 20 75 6e |is line,| then un|
|00000050| 70 61 63 6b 0a 23 20 69 | 74 20 62 79 20 73 61 76 |pack.# i|t by sav|
|00000060| 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 66 69 |ing it i|nto a fi|
|00000070| 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 79 70 69 6e 67 20 22 73 |le and t|yping "s|
|00000080| 68 20 66 69 6c 65 22 2e | 20 20 54 6f 20 6f 76 65 |h file".| To ove|
|00000090| 72 77 72 69 74 65 20 65 | 78 69 73 74 69 6e 67 0a |rwrite e|xisting.|
|000000a0| 23 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2c | 20 74 79 70 65 20 22 73 |# files,| type "s|
|000000b0| 68 20 66 69 6c 65 20 2d | 63 22 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 |h file -|c". You|
|000000c0| 20 63 61 6e 20 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 66 65 65 64 20 74 | can als|o feed t|
|000000d0| 68 69 73 20 61 73 20 73 | 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 |his as s|tandard |
|000000e0| 69 6e 70 75 74 20 76 69 | 61 0a 23 20 75 6e 73 68 |input vi|a.# unsh|
|000000f0| 61 72 2c 20 6f 72 20 62 | 79 20 74 79 70 69 6e 67 |ar, or b|y typing|
|00000100| 20 22 73 68 20 3c 66 69 | 6c 65 22 2c 20 65 2e 67 | "sh <fi|le", e.g|
|00000110| 2e 2e 20 20 49 66 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 61 72 63 68 |.. If t|his arch|
|00000120| 69 76 65 20 69 73 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 2c |ive is c|omplete,|
|00000130| 20 79 6f 75 0a 23 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 73 65 65 20 | you.# w|ill see |
|00000140| 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c | 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 |the foll|owing me|
|00000150| 73 73 61 67 65 20 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 |ssage at| the end|
|00000160| 3a 0a 23 09 09 22 45 6e | 64 20 6f 66 20 73 68 65 |:.#.."En|d of she|
|00000170| 6c 6c 20 61 72 63 68 69 | 76 65 2e 22 0a 23 20 43 |ll archi|ve.".# C|
|00000180| 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 3a | 20 20 52 45 41 44 4d 45 |ontents:| README|
|00000190| 20 6d 69 73 63 64 2e 63 | 20 74 63 70 64 2e 63 20 | miscd.c| tcpd.c |
|000001a0| 66 72 6f 6d 68 6f 73 74 | 2e 63 20 68 6f 73 74 73 |fromhost|.c hosts|
|000001b0| 5f 61 63 63 65 73 73 2e | 63 0a 23 20 20 20 73 68 |_access.|c.# sh|
|000001c0| 65 6c 6c 5f 63 6d 64 2e | 63 20 6c 6f 67 5f 74 63 |ell_cmd.|c log_tc|
|000001d0| 70 2e 68 20 74 72 79 2e | 63 20 72 65 66 75 73 65 |p.h try.|c refuse|
|000001e0| 2e 63 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 | 69 6c 65 20 68 6f 73 74 |.c Makef|ile host|
|000001f0| 73 5f 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 2e 35 0a 23 20 20 20 73 |s_access|.5.# s|
|00000200| 74 72 63 61 73 65 63 6d | 70 2e 63 20 42 4c 55 52 |trcasecm|p.c BLUR|
|00000210| 42 20 72 66 63 39 33 31 | 2e 63 20 74 63 70 64 2e |B rfc931|.c tcpd.|
|00000220| 38 20 68 6f 73 74 73 5f | 69 6e 66 6f 2e 63 20 68 |8 hosts_|info.c h|
|00000230| 6f 73 74 73 5f 61 63 63 | 65 73 73 2e 33 0a 23 20 |osts_acc|ess.3.# |
|00000240| 20 20 68 6f 73 74 73 5f | 63 74 6c 2e 63 20 70 65 | hosts_|ctl.c pe|
|00000250| 72 63 65 6e 74 5f 78 2e | 63 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e |rcent_x.|c option|
|00000260| 73 2e 63 20 63 6c 65 61 | 6e 5f 65 78 69 74 2e 63 |s.c clea|n_exit.c|
|00000270| 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e | 2e 63 0a 23 20 20 20 70 | environ|.c.# p|
|00000280| 61 74 63 68 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 2e 68 20 73 74 72 74 |atchleve|l.h strt|
|00000290| 6f 6b 2e 63 20 66 69 78 | 5f 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ok.c fix|_options|
|000002a0| 2e 63 20 77 6f 72 6b 61 | 72 6f 75 6e 64 73 2e 63 |.c worka|rounds.c|
|000002b0| 20 73 6f 63 6b 65 74 2e | 63 20 74 6c 69 2e 63 0a | socket.|c tli.c.|
|000002c0| 23 20 20 20 44 49 53 43 | 4c 41 49 4d 45 52 20 66 |# DISC|LAIMER f|
|000002d0| 61 6b 65 6c 6f 67 2e 63 | 20 73 61 66 65 5f 66 69 |akelog.c| safe_fi|
|000002e0| 6e 67 65 72 2e 63 20 68 | 6f 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 74 |nger.c h|osts_opt|
|000002f0| 69 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 6f | 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 68 |ions.5 o|ptions.h|
|00000300| 0a 23 20 20 20 43 48 41 | 4e 47 45 53 20 74 72 79 |.# CHA|NGES try|
|00000310| 2d 66 72 6f 6d 2e 63 20 | 69 6e 69 74 5f 63 6c 69 |-from.c |init_cli|
|00000320| 65 6e 74 2e 63 20 36 63 | 6f 6d 70 61 74 2e 63 20 |ent.c 6c|ompat.c |
|00000330| 70 74 78 2e 63 20 76 66 | 70 72 69 6e 74 66 2e 63 |ptx.c vf|printf.c|
|00000340| 0a 23 20 20 20 74 6c 69 | 2d 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 |.# tli|-sequent|
|00000350| 2e 63 20 74 6c 69 2d 73 | 65 71 75 65 6e 74 2e 68 |.c tli-s|equent.h|
|00000360| 0a 23 20 57 72 61 70 70 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 77 69 |.# Wrapp|ed by wi|
|00000370| 65 74 73 65 40 77 7a 76 | 20 6f 6e 20 57 65 64 20 |etse@wzv| on Wed |
|00000380| 4d 61 72 20 32 33 20 31 | 38 3a 31 33 3a 33 39 20 |Mar 23 1|8:13:39 |
|00000390| 31 39 39 34 0a 50 41 54 | 48 3d 2f 62 69 6e 3a 2f |1994.PAT|H=/bin:/|
|000003a0| 75 73 72 2f 62 69 6e 3a | 2f 75 73 72 2f 75 63 62 |usr/bin:|/usr/ucb|
|000003b0| 20 3b 20 65 78 70 6f 72 | 74 20 50 41 54 48 0a 69 | ; expor|t PATH.i|
|000003c0| 66 20 74 65 73 74 20 2d | 66 20 52 45 41 44 4d 45 |f test -|f README|
|000003d0| 20 2d 61 20 22 24 7b 31 | 7d 22 20 21 3d 20 22 2d | -a "${1|}" != "-|
|000003e0| 63 22 20 3b 20 74 68 65 | 6e 20 0a 20 20 65 63 68 |c" ; the|n . ech|
|000003f0| 6f 20 73 68 61 72 3a 20 | 57 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 |o shar: |Will not|
|00000400| 20 6f 76 65 72 2d 77 72 | 69 74 65 20 65 78 69 73 | over-wr|ite exis|
|00000410| 74 69 6e 67 20 66 69 6c | 65 20 5c 22 52 45 41 44 |ting fil|e \"READ|
|00000420| 4d 45 5c 22 0a 65 6c 73 | 65 0a 65 63 68 6f 20 73 |ME\".els|e.echo s|
|00000430| 68 61 72 3a 20 45 78 74 | 72 61 63 74 69 6e 67 20 |har: Ext|racting |
|00000440| 5c 22 52 45 41 44 4d 45 | 5c 22 20 5c 28 33 39 33 |\"README|\" \(393|
|00000450| 32 31 20 63 68 61 72 61 | 63 74 65 72 73 5c 29 0a |21 chara|cters\).|
|00000460| 73 65 64 20 22 73 2f 5e | 58 2f 2f 22 20 3e 52 45 |sed "s/^|X//" >RE|
|00000470| 41 44 4d 45 20 3c 3c 27 | 45 4e 44 5f 4f 46 5f 52 |ADME <<'|END_OF_R|
|00000480| 45 41 44 4d 45 27 0a 58 | 40 28 23 29 20 52 45 41 |EADME'.X|@(#) REA|
|00000490| 44 4d 45 20 31 2e 32 31 | 20 39 34 2f 30 33 2f 32 |DME 1.21| 94/03/2|
|000004a0| 33 20 31 37 3a 34 37 3a | 31 36 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 |3 17:47:|16.X.XTh|
|000004b0| 69 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 36 2e 33 20 76 65 |is is th|e 6.3 ve|
|000004c0| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 54 43 50 |rsion of| the TCP|
|000004d0| 2f 49 50 20 64 61 65 6d | 6f 6e 20 77 72 61 70 70 |/IP daem|on wrapp|
|000004e0| 65 72 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 |er packa|ge..X.XT|
|000004f0| 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 |able of |contents|
|00000500| 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.X------|--------|
|00000510| 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 20 | 20 20 20 31 20 2d 20 49 |---.X.X | 1 - I|
|00000520| 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 0a 58 20 20 20 |ntroduct|ion.X |
|00000530| 20 32 20 2d 20 44 69 73 | 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 72 0a | 2 - Dis|claimer.|
|00000540| 58 20 20 20 20 33 20 2d | 20 54 75 74 6f 72 69 61 |X 3 -| Tutoria|
|00000550| 6c 73 0a 58 09 09 33 2e | 31 20 2d 20 48 6f 77 20 |ls.X..3.|1 - How |
|00000560| 69 74 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 | 0a 58 09 09 33 2e 32 20 |it works|.X..3.2 |
|00000570| 2d 20 57 68 65 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 |- Where |the logg|
|00000580| 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ing info|rmation |
|00000590| 67 6f 65 73 0a 58 20 20 | 20 20 34 20 2d 20 46 65 |goes.X | 4 - Fe|
|000005a0| 61 74 75 72 65 73 0a 58 | 09 09 34 2e 31 20 2d 20 |atures.X|..4.1 - |
|000005b0| 41 63 63 65 73 73 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 0a 58 |Access c|ontrol.X|
|000005c0| 09 09 34 2e 32 20 2d 20 | 48 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d |..4.2 - |Host nam|
|000005d0| 65 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 | 6e 67 0a 58 09 09 34 2e |e spoofi|ng.X..4.|
|000005e0| 33 20 2d 20 48 6f 73 74 | 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |3 - Host| address|
|000005f0| 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 6e | 67 0a 58 09 09 34 2e 34 | spoofin|g.X..4.4|
|00000600| 20 2d 20 52 65 6d 6f 74 | 65 20 75 73 65 72 6e 61 | - Remot|e userna|
|00000610| 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 | 70 73 0a 58 09 09 34 2e |me looku|ps.X..4.|
|00000620| 35 20 2d 20 4c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 20 65 78 74 |5 - Lang|uage ext|
|00000630| 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 0a | 58 20 20 20 20 35 20 2d |ensions.|X 5 -|
|00000640| 20 4f 74 68 65 72 20 77 | 6f 72 6b 73 0a 58 09 09 | Other w|orks.X..|
|00000650| 35 2e 31 20 2d 20 52 65 | 6c 61 74 65 64 20 64 6f |5.1 - Re|lated do|
|00000660| 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 0a | 58 09 09 35 2e 32 20 2d |cuments.|X..5.2 -|
|00000670| 20 52 65 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 | Related| softwar|
|00000680| 65 0a 58 20 20 20 20 36 | 20 2d 20 4c 69 6d 69 74 |e.X 6| - Limit|
|00000690| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a 58 | 09 09 36 2e 31 20 2d 20 |ations.X|..6.1 - |
|000006a0| 4b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 6c 69 |Known wr|apper li|
|000006b0| 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 0a 58 09 09 36 2e 32 |mitation|s.X..6.2|
|000006c0| 20 2d 20 4b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | - Known| system |
|000006d0| 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 | 20 62 75 67 73 0a 58 20 |software| bugs.X |
|000006e0| 20 20 20 37 20 2d 20 43 | 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 | 7 - C|onfigura|
|000006f0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c |tion and| install|
|00000700| 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 58 09 | 09 37 2e 31 20 2d 20 45 |ation.X.|.7.1 - E|
|00000710| 61 73 79 20 63 6f 6e 66 | 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f |asy conf|iguratio|
|00000720| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 |n and in|stallati|
|00000730| 6f 6e 0a 58 09 09 37 2e | 32 20 2d 20 41 64 76 61 |on.X..7.|2 - Adva|
|00000740| 6e 63 65 64 20 63 6f 6e | 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 |nced con|figurati|
|00000750| 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 |on and i|nstallat|
|00000760| 69 6f 6e 0a 58 09 09 37 | 2e 33 20 2d 20 44 61 65 |ion.X..7|.3 - Dae|
|00000770| 6d 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 72 62 69 74 72 |mons wit|h arbitr|
|00000780| 61 72 79 20 70 61 74 68 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 0a 58 |ary path| names.X|
|00000790| 09 09 37 2e 34 20 2d 20 | 42 75 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 |..7.4 - |Building|
|000007a0| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 65 73 | 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | and tes|ting the|
|000007b0| 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | access |control |
|000007c0| 72 75 6c 65 73 0a 58 09 | 09 37 2e 35 20 2d 20 4f |rules.X.|.7.5 - O|
|000007d0| 74 68 65 72 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |ther app|lication|
|000007e0| 73 0a 58 20 20 20 20 38 | 20 2d 20 41 63 6b 6e 6f |s.X 8| - Ackno|
|000007f0| 77 6c 65 64 67 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 73 0a 58 0a 58 31 |wledgeme|nts.X.X1|
|00000800| 20 2d 20 49 6e 74 72 6f | 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a | - Intro|duction.|
|00000810| 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |X-------|--------|
|00000820| 2d 0a 58 0a 58 57 69 74 | 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 |-.X.XWit|h this p|
|00000830| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 79 | 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 6d |ackage y|ou can m|
|00000840| 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 61 | 6e 64 20 66 69 6c 74 65 |onitor a|nd filte|
|00000850| 72 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 69 | 6e 67 20 72 65 71 75 65 |r incomi|ng reque|
|00000860| 73 74 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 0a 58 53 59 53 |sts for |the.XSYS|
|00000870| 54 41 54 2c 20 46 49 4e | 47 45 52 2c 20 46 54 50 |TAT, FIN|GER, FTP|
|00000880| 2c 20 54 45 4c 4e 45 54 | 2c 20 52 4c 4f 47 49 4e |, TELNET|, RLOGIN|
|00000890| 2c 20 52 53 48 2c 20 45 | 58 45 43 2c 20 54 46 54 |, RSH, E|XEC, TFT|
|000008a0| 50 2c 20 54 41 4c 4b 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 |P, TALK,| and oth|
|000008b0| 65 72 0a 58 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 20 73 65 72 76 |er.Xnetw|ork serv|
|000008c0| 69 63 65 73 2e 0a 58 0a | 58 49 74 20 73 75 70 70 |ices..X.|XIt supp|
|000008d0| 6f 72 74 73 20 62 6f 74 | 68 20 34 2e 33 42 53 44 |orts bot|h 4.3BSD|
|000008e0| 2d 73 74 79 6c 65 20 73 | 6f 63 6b 65 74 73 20 61 |-style s|ockets a|
|000008f0| 6e 64 20 53 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 56 2e 34 2d 73 74 |nd Syste|m V.4-st|
|00000900| 79 6c 65 20 54 4c 49 2e | 20 50 72 61 69 73 65 0a |yle TLI.| Praise.|
|00000910| 58 79 6f 75 72 73 65 6c | 66 20 6c 75 63 6b 79 20 |Xyoursel|f lucky |
|00000920| 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 64 | 6f 6e 27 74 20 6b 6e 6f |if you d|on't kno|
|00000930| 77 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 6d 65 61 6e |w what t|hat mean|
|00000940| 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 | 65 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 |s..X.XTh|e packag|
|00000950| 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 73 20 74 69 6e 79 20 |e provid|es tiny |
|00000960| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 |daemon w|rapper p|
|00000970| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e |rograms |that can|
|00000980| 20 62 65 20 69 6e 73 74 | 61 6c 6c 65 64 0a 58 77 | be inst|alled.Xw|
|00000990| 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 61 | 6e 79 20 63 68 61 6e 67 |ithout a|ny chang|
|000009a0| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 65 78 | 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 73 |es to ex|isting s|
|000009b0| 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 | 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 65 78 |oftware |or to ex|
|000009c0| 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 63 | 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 |isting c|onfigura|
|000009d0| 74 69 6f 6e 0a 58 66 69 | 6c 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 |tion.Xfi|les. Th|
|000009e0| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 73 20 72 65 70 6f 72 |e wrappe|rs repor|
|000009f0| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |t the na|me of th|
|00000a00| 65 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 | 20 68 6f 73 74 20 61 6e |e remote| host an|
|00000a10| 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 0a 58 72 65 71 75 65 73 |d of the|.Xreques|
|00000a20| 74 65 64 20 73 65 72 76 | 69 63 65 3b 20 74 68 65 |ted serv|ice; the|
|00000a30| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 73 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 | wrapper|s do not|
|00000a40| 20 65 78 63 68 61 6e 67 | 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d | exchang|e inform|
|00000a50| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 0a 58 |ation wi|th the.X|
|00000a60| 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 63 | 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 70 72 |remote c|lient pr|
|00000a70| 6f 63 65 73 73 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 6d 70 6f 73 |ocess, a|nd impos|
|00000a80| 65 20 6e 6f 20 6f 76 65 | 72 68 65 61 64 20 6f 6e |e no ove|rhead on|
|00000a90| 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 | 75 61 6c 0a 58 63 6f 6d | the act|ual.Xcom|
|00000aa0| 6d 75 6e 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 62 65 74 77 65 |municati|on betwe|
|00000ab0| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 6e |en the c|lient an|
|00000ac0| 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 | 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 |d server| applica|
|00000ad0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 58 | 0a 58 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e |tions..X|.XOption|
|00000ae0| 61 6c 20 66 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 73 20 61 72 65 3a |al featu|res are:|
|00000af0| 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | access |control |
|00000b00| 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 72 | 69 63 74 20 77 68 61 74 |to restr|ict what|
|00000b10| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 | 20 63 61 6e 0a 58 63 6f | systems| can.Xco|
|00000b20| 6e 6e 65 63 74 20 74 6f | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6e 65 |nnect to| your ne|
|00000b30| 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 73 3b 20 72 |twork da|emons; r|
|00000b40| 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 75 73 | 65 72 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |emote us|er name |
|00000b50| 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |lookups |with the|
|00000b60| 20 52 46 43 0a 58 39 33 | 31 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 | RFC.X93|1 protoc|
|00000b70| 6f 6c 3b 20 61 64 64 69 | 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 |ol; addi|tional p|
|00000b80| 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 |rotectio|n agains|
|00000b90| 74 20 68 6f 73 74 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 70 72 65 |t hosts |that pre|
|00000ba0| 74 65 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 | 68 61 76 65 0a 58 73 6f |tend to |have.Xso|
|00000bb0| 6d 65 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c | 73 65 73 20 68 6f 73 74 |meone el|ses host|
|00000bc0| 20 6e 61 6d 65 3b 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 | name; a|dditiona|
|00000bd0| 6c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 67 61 |l protec|tion aga|
|00000be0| 69 6e 73 74 20 68 6f 73 | 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a |inst hos|ts that.|
|00000bf0| 58 70 72 65 74 65 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 |Xpretend| to have|
|00000c00| 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 | 20 65 6c 73 65 73 20 68 | someone| elses h|
|00000c10| 6f 73 74 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 |ost addr|ess..X.X|
|00000c20| 45 61 72 6c 79 20 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f |Early ve|rsions o|
|00000c30| 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 77 |f the pr|ograms w|
|00000c40| 65 72 65 20 74 65 73 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ere test|ed with |
|00000c50| 55 6c 74 72 69 78 20 3e | 3d 20 32 2e 32 2c 20 77 |Ultrix >|= 2.2, w|
|00000c60| 69 74 68 0a 58 53 75 6e | 4f 53 20 3e 3d 20 33 2e |ith.XSun|OS >= 3.|
|00000c70| 34 20 61 6e 64 20 49 53 | 43 20 32 2e 32 2e 20 4c |4 and IS|C 2.2. L|
|00000c80| 61 74 65 72 20 76 65 72 | 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 68 61 |ater ver|sions ha|
|00000c90| 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 65 |ve been |installe|
|00000ca0| 64 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 77 | 69 64 65 0a 58 76 61 72 |d on a w|ide.Xvar|
|00000cb0| 69 65 74 79 20 6f 66 20 | 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 6d |iety of |platform|
|00000cc0| 73 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 | 73 20 53 75 6e 4f 53 20 |s such a|s SunOS |
|00000cd0| 34 2e 78 20 61 6e 64 20 | 35 2e 78 2c 20 55 6c 74 |4.x and |5.x, Ult|
|00000ce0| 72 69 78 20 33 2e 78 20 | 61 6e 64 20 34 2e 78 2c |rix 3.x |and 4.x,|
|00000cf0| 20 44 45 43 0a 58 4f 53 | 46 2f 31 20 54 31 2e 32 | DEC.XOS|F/1 T1.2|
|00000d00| 2d 32 2c 20 48 50 2d 55 | 58 20 38 2e 78 2c 20 41 |-2, HP-U|X 8.x, A|
|00000d10| 49 58 20 33 2e 31 2e 35 | 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 33 |IX 3.1.5| up to 3|
|00000d20| 2e 32 2e 34 2c 20 41 70 | 6f 6c 6c 6f 20 53 52 31 |.2.4, Ap|ollo SR1|
|00000d30| 30 2e 33 2e 35 2c 20 53 | 6f 6e 79 2c 0a 58 4e 65 |0.3.5, S|ony,.XNe|
|00000d40| 58 54 2c 20 53 43 4f 20 | 55 4e 49 58 2c 20 44 47 |XT, SCO |UNIX, DG|
|00000d50| 2f 55 58 2c 20 43 72 61 | 79 2c 20 44 79 6e 69 78 |/UX, Cra|y, Dynix|
|00000d60| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e | 20 75 6e 6b 6e 6f 77 6e |, and an| unknown|
|00000d70| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | number |of other|
|00000d80| 20 6f 6e 65 73 2e 0a 58 | 0a 58 52 65 71 75 69 72 | ones..X|.XRequir|
|00000d90| 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ements a|re that |
|00000da0| 74 68 65 20 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 20 64 61 65 6d |the netw|ork daem|
|00000db0| 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 73 70 61 77 6e 65 64 20 |ons are |spawned |
|00000dc0| 62 79 20 61 20 73 75 70 | 65 72 20 73 65 72 76 65 |by a sup|er serve|
|00000dd0| 72 0a 58 73 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 69 |r.Xsuch |as the i|
|00000de0| 6e 65 74 64 3b 20 61 20 | 34 2e 33 42 53 44 2d 73 |netd; a |4.3BSD-s|
|00000df0| 74 79 6c 65 20 73 6f 63 | 6b 65 74 20 70 72 6f 67 |tyle soc|ket prog|
|00000e00| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 74 65 72 66 61 63 |ramming |interfac|
|00000e10| 65 20 61 6e 64 2f 6f 72 | 0a 58 53 79 73 74 65 6d |e and/or|.XSystem|
|00000e20| 20 56 2e 34 2d 73 74 79 | 6c 65 20 54 4c 49 20 70 | V.4-sty|le TLI p|
|00000e30| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 | 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |rogrammi|ng inter|
|00000e40| 66 61 63 65 3b 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 76 |face; an|d the av|
|00000e50| 61 69 6c 61 62 69 6c 69 | 74 79 20 6f 66 20 61 0a |ailabili|ty of a.|
|00000e60| 58 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 28 | 33 29 20 6c 69 62 72 61 |Xsyslog(|3) libra|
|00000e70| 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 66 20 61 20 73 79 73 6c |ry and o|f a sysl|
|00000e80| 6f 67 64 28 38 29 20 64 | 61 65 6d 6f 6e 2e 20 20 |ogd(8) d|aemon. |
|00000e90| 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 20 73 68 6f |The wrap|pers sho|
|00000ea0| 75 6c 64 20 72 75 6e 0a | 58 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 |uld run.|Xwithout|
|00000eb0| 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e | modific|ation on|
|00000ec0| 20 61 6e 79 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 74 68 61 74 | any sys|tem that|
|00000ed0| 20 73 61 74 69 73 66 69 | 65 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 | satisfi|es these|
|00000ee0| 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 0a 58 | require|ments..X|
|00000ef0| 57 6f 72 6b 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 73 20 68 61 76 65 |Workarou|nds have|
|00000f00| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 | been im|plemente|
|00000f10| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 73 65 | 76 65 72 61 6c 20 63 6f |d for se|veral co|
|00000f20| 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 62 75 67 | 73 20 69 6e 20 73 79 73 |mmon bug|s in sys|
|00000f30| 74 65 6d 73 0a 58 73 6f | 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 0a |tems.Xso|ftware..|
|00000f40| 58 0a 58 57 68 61 74 20 | 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 69 66 |X.XWhat |to do if|
|00000f50| 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 66 69 | this is| your fi|
|00000f60| 72 73 74 20 65 6e 63 6f | 75 6e 74 65 72 20 77 69 |rst enco|unter wi|
|00000f70| 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 |th the w|rapper p|
|00000f80| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 3a | 0a 58 31 29 20 72 65 61 |rograms:|.X1) rea|
|00000f90| 64 20 74 68 65 20 74 75 | 74 6f 72 69 61 6c 20 73 |d the tu|torial s|
|00000fa0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 69 |ections |for an i|
|00000fb0| 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |ntroduct|ion to t|
|00000fc0| 68 65 20 72 65 6c 65 76 | 61 6e 74 0a 58 63 6f 6e |he relev|ant.Xcon|
|00000fd0| 63 65 70 74 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e |cepts an|d termin|
|00000fe0| 6f 6c 6f 67 79 3b 20 32 | 29 20 67 6c 61 6e 63 65 |ology; 2|) glance|
|00000ff0| 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 | over th|e securi|
|00001000| 74 79 20 66 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 20 73 65 63 74 69 |ty featu|re secti|
|00001010| 6f 6e 73 0a 58 69 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 |ons.Xin |this doc|
|00001020| 75 6d 65 6e 74 3b 20 33 | 29 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |ument; 3|) follow|
|00001030| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 73 | 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 6f | the ins|tallatio|
|00001040| 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 |n instru|ctions (|
|00001050| 65 61 73 79 20 6f 72 0a | 58 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 |easy or.|Xadvance|
|00001060| 64 29 2e 20 49 20 72 65 | 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 20 |d). I re|commend |
|00001070| 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 75 |that you| first u|
|00001080| 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 73 |se the d|efault s|
|00001090| 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 | 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 0a |ecurity |feature.|
|000010a0| 58 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 | 73 2e 20 20 52 75 6e 20 |Xsetting|s. Run |
|000010b0| 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 20 66 6f 72 |the wrap|pers for|
|000010c0| 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 64 | 61 79 73 20 74 6f 20 62 | a few d|ays to b|
|000010d0| 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 20 77 |ecome fa|miliar w|
|000010e0| 69 74 68 0a 58 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 6c 6f 67 73 2c |ith.Xthe|ir logs,|
|000010f0| 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 | 64 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 6e | before |doing an|
|00001100| 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 64 | 72 61 73 74 69 63 20 73 |ything d|rastic s|
|00001110| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 63 | 75 74 74 69 6e 67 20 6f |uch as c|utting o|
|00001120| 66 66 20 61 63 63 65 73 | 73 20 6f 72 0a 58 69 6e |ff acces|s or.Xin|
|00001130| 73 74 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 62 6f 6f 62 79 20 74 |stalling| booby t|
|00001140| 72 61 70 73 2e 0a 58 0a | 58 32 20 2d 20 44 69 73 |raps..X.|X2 - Dis|
|00001150| 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 72 0a | 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |claimer.|X-------|
|00001160| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a | 58 0a 58 54 68 65 20 77 |-------.|X.XThe w|
|00001170| 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |rapper p|rograms |
|00001180| 72 65 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 | 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 61 |rely on |source a|
|00001190| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |ddress i|nformati|
|000011a0| 6f 6e 20 6f 62 74 61 69 | 6e 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d |on obtai|ned from|
|000011b0| 0a 58 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 70 61 63 6b 65 74 |.Xnetwor|k packet|
|000011c0| 73 2e 20 53 75 63 68 20 | 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |s. Such |informat|
|000011d0| 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 31 30 30 20 70 |ion is n|ot 100 p|
|000011e0| 65 72 63 65 6e 74 20 72 | 65 6c 69 61 62 6c 65 2c |ercent r|eliable,|
|000011f0| 20 61 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 | 68 0a 58 74 68 65 20 77 | althoug|h.Xthe w|
|00001200| 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 | 64 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 |rappers |do their|
|00001210| 20 62 65 73 74 20 74 6f | 20 65 78 70 6f 73 65 20 | best to| expose |
|00001220| 66 6f 72 67 65 72 69 65 | 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 49 6e |forgerie|s..X.XIn|
|00001230| 20 74 68 65 20 61 62 73 | 65 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | the abs|ence of |
|00001240| 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 | 61 70 68 69 63 20 70 72 |cryptogr|aphic pr|
|00001250| 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 73 73 |otection| of mess|
|00001260| 61 67 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 61 6e |age cont|ents, an|
|00001270| 64 20 6f 66 0a 58 63 72 | 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 |d of.Xcr|yptograp|
|00001280| 68 69 63 20 61 75 74 68 | 65 6e 74 69 63 61 74 69 |hic auth|enticati|
|00001290| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 | 73 73 61 67 65 20 6f 72 |on of me|ssage or|
|000012a0| 69 67 69 6e 61 74 6f 72 | 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c 20 64 |iginator|s, all d|
|000012b0| 61 74 61 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 0a 58 6e 65 |ata from| the.Xne|
|000012c0| 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |twork sh|ould be |
|000012d0| 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 73 6f 75 |treated |with sou|
|000012e0| 6e 64 20 73 63 65 70 74 | 69 63 69 73 6d 2e 0a 58 |nd scept|icism..X|
|000012f0| 0a 58 54 48 49 53 20 52 | 45 53 54 52 49 43 54 49 |.XTHIS R|ESTRICTI|
|00001300| 4f 4e 20 49 53 20 42 59 | 20 4e 4f 20 4d 45 41 4e |ON IS BY| NO MEAN|
|00001310| 53 20 53 50 45 43 49 46 | 49 43 20 54 4f 20 54 48 |S SPECIF|IC TO TH|
|00001320| 45 20 54 43 50 2f 49 50 | 20 50 52 4f 54 4f 43 4f |E TCP/IP| PROTOCO|
|00001330| 4c 53 2e 0a 58 0a 58 33 | 20 2d 20 54 75 74 6f 72 |LS..X.X3| - Tutor|
|00001340| 69 61 6c 73 0a 58 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ials.X--|--------|
|00001350| 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 54 | 68 65 20 74 75 74 6f 72 |---.X.XT|he tutor|
|00001360| 69 61 6c 20 73 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 67 69 76 |ial sect|ions giv|
|00001370| 65 20 61 20 67 65 6e 74 | 6c 65 20 69 6e 74 72 6f |e a gent|le intro|
|00001380| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6f |duction |to the o|
|00001390| 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 0a 58 74 68 65 |peration| of.Xthe|
|000013a0| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | wrapper| program|
|000013b0| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 65 |s, and i|ntroduce|
|000013c0| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 | some of| the ter|
|000013d0| 6d 69 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 |minology| that is|
|000013e0| 0a 58 75 73 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |.Xused i|n the re|
|000013f0| 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 |mainder |of the d|
|00001400| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 3a | 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 2c |ocument:| client,|
|00001410| 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 65 | server,| the ine|
|00001420| 74 64 20 61 6e 64 0a 58 | 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 64 20 |td and.X|syslogd |
|00001430| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |daemons,| and the|
|00001440| 69 72 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 | 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |ir confi|guration|
|00001450| 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 0a | 58 0a 58 33 2e 31 20 2d | files..|X.X3.1 -|
|00001460| 20 48 6f 77 20 69 74 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 73 0a 58 2d | How it |works.X-|
|00001470| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001480| 2d 0a 58 0a 58 41 6c 6d | 6f 73 74 20 65 76 65 72 |-.X.XAlm|ost ever|
|00001490| 79 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |y applic|ation of|
|000014a0| 20 74 68 65 20 54 43 50 | 2f 49 50 20 70 72 6f 74 | the TCP|/IP prot|
|000014b0| 6f 63 6f 6c 73 20 69 73 | 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6f |ocols is| based o|
|000014c0| 6e 20 61 20 63 6c 69 65 | 6e 74 2d 0a 58 73 65 72 |n a clie|nt-.Xser|
|000014d0| 76 65 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 6c 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 |ver mode|l. For e|
|000014e0| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 61 20 75 |xample, |when a u|
|000014f0| 73 65 72 20 69 6e 76 6f | 6b 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 |ser invo|kes the |
|00001500| 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 74 |telnet c|ommand t|
|00001510| 6f 0a 58 63 6f 6e 6e 65 | 63 74 20 74 6f 20 6f 6e |o.Xconne|ct to on|
|00001520| 65 20 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 | 72 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |e of you|r system|
|00001530| 73 2c 20 61 20 74 65 6c | 6e 65 74 20 73 65 72 76 |s, a tel|net serv|
|00001540| 65 72 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 20 69 73 20 65 78 |er proce|ss is ex|
|00001550| 65 63 75 74 65 64 20 6f | 6e 0a 58 74 68 65 20 74 |ecuted o|n.Xthe t|
|00001560| 61 72 67 65 74 20 68 6f | 73 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |arget ho|st. The |
|00001570| 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 20 73 | 65 72 76 65 72 20 70 72 |telnet s|erver pr|
|00001580| 6f 63 65 73 73 20 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 73 20 74 |ocess co|nnects t|
|00001590| 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 |he user |to a log|
|000015a0| 69 6e 0a 58 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 2e 20 41 20 66 |in.Xproc|ess. A f|
|000015b0| 65 77 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 73 20 6f 66 20 63 |ew examp|les of c|
|000015c0| 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 |lient an|d server|
|000015d0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 68 | program|s are sh|
|000015e0| 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 0a 58 74 61 62 6c |own in t|he.Xtabl|
|000015f0| 65 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 3a | 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 20 20 |e below:|.X.X |
|00001600| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | | client|
|00001610| 20 20 20 73 65 72 76 65 | 72 20 20 20 20 61 70 70 | serve|r app|
|00001620| 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 0a 58 20 20 20 20 20 20 |lication|.X |
|00001630| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | |--------|
|00001640| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001650| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0a 58 20 20 20 20 20 20 |--------|.X |
|00001660| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 20 20 | |telnet |
|00001670| 20 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 64 | 20 20 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 | telnetd| remot|
|00001680| 65 20 6c 6f 67 69 6e 0a | 58 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e login.|X |
|00001690| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 | 74 70 20 20 20 20 20 20 | f|tp |
|000016a0| 66 74 70 64 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 66 69 6c 65 20 74 |ftpd | file t|
|000016b0| 72 61 6e 73 66 65 72 0a | 58 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ransfer.|X |
|000016c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 | 69 6e 67 65 72 20 20 20 | f|inger |
|000016d0| 66 69 6e 67 65 72 64 20 | 20 20 73 68 6f 77 20 75 |fingerd | show u|
|000016e0| 73 65 72 73 0a 58 0a 58 | 54 68 65 20 75 73 75 61 |sers.X.X|The usua|
|000016f0| 6c 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 | 63 68 20 69 73 20 74 6f |l approa|ch is to|
|00001700| 20 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 | run one| single |
|00001710| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 74 |daemon p|rocess t|
|00001720| 68 61 74 20 77 61 69 74 | 73 20 66 6f 72 0a 58 61 |hat wait|s for.Xa|
|00001730| 6c 6c 20 6b 69 6e 64 73 | 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 63 6f |ll kinds| of inco|
|00001740| 6d 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 74 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e |ming net|work con|
|00001750| 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 65 76 |nections|. Whenev|
|00001760| 65 72 20 61 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |er a con|nection |
|00001770| 69 73 0a 58 65 73 74 61 | 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 2c |is.Xesta|blished,|
|00001780| 20 74 68 69 73 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 20 28 75 73 | this da|emon (us|
|00001790| 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 61 | 6c 6c 65 64 20 69 6e 65 |ually ca|lled ine|
|000017a0| 74 64 29 20 72 75 6e 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 70 70 |td) runs| the app|
|000017b0| 72 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 | 0a 58 73 65 72 76 65 72 |ropriate|.Xserver|
|000017c0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 61 6e 64 20 67 6f 65 | program| and goe|
|000017d0| 73 20 62 61 63 6b 20 74 | 6f 20 73 6c 65 65 70 2c |s back t|o sleep,|
|000017e0| 20 77 61 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 66 6f 72 20 6f 74 68 | waiting| for oth|
|000017f0| 65 72 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a |er conne|ctions..|
|00001800| 58 0a 58 54 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 |X.XThe w|rapper p|
|00001810| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 72 65 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 |rograms |rely on |
|00001820| 61 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 70 6f |a simple|, but po|
|00001830| 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 6d | 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d |werful m|echanism|
|00001840| 2e 20 20 49 6e 73 74 65 | 61 64 0a 58 6f 66 20 64 |. Inste|ad.Xof d|
|00001850| 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 20 | 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |irectly |running |
|00001860| 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 | 72 65 64 20 73 65 72 76 |the desi|red serv|
|00001870| 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |er progr|am, the |
|00001880| 69 6e 65 74 64 20 69 73 | 20 74 72 69 63 6b 65 64 |inetd is| tricked|
|00001890| 0a 58 69 6e 74 6f 20 72 | 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 |.Xinto r|unning a|
|000018a0| 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 | small w|rapper p|
|000018b0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 |rogram. |The wrap|
|000018c0| 70 65 72 20 6c 6f 67 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6d |per logs| the rem|
|000018d0| 6f 74 65 20 68 6f 73 74 | 0a 58 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f |ote host|.Xname o|
|000018e0| 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 |r addres|s and pe|
|000018f0| 72 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 61 64 64 69 |rforms s|ome addi|
|00001900| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 63 | 68 65 63 6b 73 2e 20 20 |tional c|hecks. |
|00001910| 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6c 6c | 20 69 73 20 77 65 6c 6c |When all| is well|
|00001920| 2c 0a 58 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 65 |,.Xthe w|rapper e|
|00001930| 78 65 63 75 74 65 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 |xecutes |the desi|
|00001940| 72 65 64 20 73 65 72 76 | 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |red serv|er progr|
|00001950| 61 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 67 | 6f 65 73 20 61 77 61 79 |am and g|oes away|
|00001960| 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 65 | 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 |..X.XThe| wrapper|
|00001970| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 6e | program|s have n|
|00001980| 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 |o intera|ction wi|
|00001990| 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 75 73 |th the r|emote us|
|000019a0| 65 72 20 28 6f 72 0a 58 | 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 70 |er (or.X|client p|
|000019b0| 72 6f 63 65 73 73 29 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 68 |rocess).| This h|
|000019c0| 61 73 20 74 77 6f 20 6d | 61 6a 6f 72 20 61 64 76 |as two m|ajor adv|
|000019d0| 61 6e 74 61 67 65 73 3a | 20 31 29 20 74 68 65 20 |antages:| 1) the |
|000019e0| 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 | 20 61 72 65 0a 58 61 70 |wrappers| are.Xap|
|000019f0| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2d 69 6e 64 65 70 65 |plicatio|n-indepe|
|00001a00| 6e 64 65 6e 74 2c 20 73 | 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |ndent, s|o that t|
|00001a10| 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |he same |program |
|00001a20| 63 61 6e 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 20 6d 61 6e 79 |can prot|ect many|
|00001a30| 0a 58 6b 69 6e 64 73 20 | 6f 66 20 6e 65 74 77 6f |.Xkinds |of netwo|
|00001a40| 72 6b 20 73 65 72 76 69 | 63 65 73 3b 20 32 29 20 |rk servi|ces; 2) |
|00001a50| 6e 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |no inter|action a|
|00001a60| 6c 73 6f 20 6d 65 61 6e | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |lso mean|s that t|
|00001a70| 68 65 0a 58 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |he.Xwrap|pers are|
|00001a80| 20 69 6e 76 69 73 69 62 | 6c 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | invisib|le from |
|00001a90| 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 | 28 61 74 20 6c 65 61 73 |outside |(at leas|
|00001aa0| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 61 75 | 74 68 6f 72 69 7a 65 64 |t for au|thorized|
|00001ab0| 20 75 73 65 72 73 29 2e | 0a 58 0a 58 41 6e 6f 74 | users).|.X.XAnot|
|00001ac0| 68 65 72 20 69 6d 70 6f | 72 74 61 6e 74 20 70 72 |her impo|rtant pr|
|00001ad0| 6f 70 65 72 74 79 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |operty i|s that t|
|00001ae0| 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 | 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |he wrapp|er progr|
|00001af0| 61 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 6f |ams are |active o|
|00001b00| 6e 6c 79 0a 58 77 68 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |nly.Xwhe|n the in|
|00001b10| 69 74 69 61 6c 20 63 6f | 6e 74 61 63 74 20 62 65 |itial co|ntact be|
|00001b20| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 63 6c | 69 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 |tween cl|ient and|
|00001b30| 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 | 69 73 20 65 73 74 61 62 | server |is estab|
|00001b40| 6c 69 73 68 65 64 2e 20 | 4f 6e 63 65 0a 58 61 20 |lished. |Once.Xa |
|00001b50| 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 | 68 61 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 |wrapper |has done|
|00001b60| 20 69 74 73 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | its wor|k there |
|00001b70| 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 6f 76 | 65 72 68 65 61 64 20 6f |is no ov|erhead o|
|00001b80| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c | 69 65 6e 74 2d 73 65 72 |n the cl|ient-ser|
|00001b90| 76 65 72 0a 58 63 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 63 61 74 69 |ver.Xcom|municati|
|00001ba0| 6f 6e 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 | 68 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c |on..X.XT|he simpl|
|00001bb0| 65 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e | 69 73 6d 20 68 61 73 20 |e mechan|ism has |
|00001bc0| 6f 6e 65 20 6d 61 6a 6f | 72 20 64 72 61 77 62 61 |one majo|r drawba|
|00001bd0| 63 6b 3a 20 73 69 6e 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 |ck: sinc|e the wr|
|00001be0| 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 67 | 6f 20 61 77 61 79 0a 58 |appers g|o away.X|
|00001bf0| 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 |after th|e initia|
|00001c00| 6c 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 | 74 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |l contac|t betwee|
|00001c10| 6e 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 72 |n client| and ser|
|00001c20| 76 65 72 20 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 65 73 2c 20 74 |ver proc|esses, t|
|00001c30| 68 65 0a 58 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |he.Xwrap|pers are|
|00001c40| 20 6f 66 20 6c 69 74 74 | 6c 65 20 75 73 65 20 77 | of litt|le use w|
|00001c50| 69 74 68 20 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 20 64 61 65 6d |ith netw|ork daem|
|00001c60| 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 |ons that| service|
|00001c70| 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 | 61 6e 0a 58 6f 6e 65 20 | more th|an.Xone |
|00001c80| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 |client. | The wra|
|00001c90| 70 70 65 72 73 20 77 6f | 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |ppers wo|uld only|
|00001ca0| 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 63 | see the| first c|
|00001cb0| 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 61 74 | 74 65 6d 70 74 20 74 6f |lient at|tempt to|
|00001cc0| 0a 58 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 | 74 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |.Xcontac|t such a|
|00001cd0| 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 4e 46 53 | server.| The NFS|
|00001ce0| 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 64 | 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 69 73 | mount d|aemon is|
|00001cf0| 20 61 20 74 79 70 69 63 | 61 6c 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | a typic|al examp|
|00001d00| 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 61 0a | 58 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 |le of a.|Xdaemon |
|00001d10| 74 68 61 74 20 73 65 72 | 76 69 63 65 73 20 72 65 |that ser|vices re|
|00001d20| 71 75 65 73 74 73 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 6d 75 6c 74 |quests f|rom mult|
|00001d30| 69 70 6c 65 20 63 6c 69 | 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 53 65 |iple cli|ents. Se|
|00001d40| 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e |e the se|ction on|
|00001d50| 0a 58 72 65 6c 61 74 65 | 64 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 |.Xrelate|d softwa|
|00001d60| 72 65 20 66 6f 72 20 77 | 61 79 73 20 74 6f 20 64 |re for w|ays to d|
|00001d70| 65 61 6c 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 73 75 63 68 20 70 72 |eal with| such pr|
|00001d80| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e 0a | 58 0a 58 54 68 65 72 65 |ograms..|X.XThere|
|00001d90| 20 61 72 65 20 74 77 6f | 20 77 61 79 73 20 74 6f | are two| ways to|
|00001da0| 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | use the| wrapper|
|00001db0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 3a 0a 58 0a 58 31 29 | program|s:.X.X1)|
|00001dc0| 20 54 68 65 20 65 61 73 | 79 20 77 61 79 3a 20 6d | The eas|y way: m|
|00001dd0| 6f 76 65 20 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 20 64 61 65 6d |ove netw|ork daem|
|00001de0| 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 6f 74 68 65 |ons to s|ome othe|
|00001df0| 72 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 6f 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |r direct|ory and |
|00001e00| 66 69 6c 6c 0a 58 20 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 |fill.X | the res|
|00001e10| 75 6c 74 69 6e 67 20 68 | 6f 6c 65 73 20 77 69 74 |ulting h|oles wit|
|00001e20| 68 20 63 6f 70 69 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |h copies| of the |
|00001e30| 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 |wrapper |programs|
|00001e40| 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 0a | 58 20 20 20 61 70 70 72 |. This.|X appr|
|00001e50| 6f 61 63 68 20 69 6e 76 | 6f 6c 76 65 73 20 6e 6f |oach inv|olves no|
|00001e60| 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 73 79 73 74 | changes| to syst|
|00001e70| 65 6d 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 | 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |em confi|guration|
|00001e80| 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2c 20 | 73 6f 20 74 68 65 72 65 | files, |so there|
|00001e90| 0a 58 20 20 20 69 73 20 | 76 65 72 79 20 6c 69 74 |.X is |very lit|
|00001ea0| 74 6c 65 20 72 69 73 6b | 20 6f 66 20 62 72 65 61 |tle risk| of brea|
|00001eb0| 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 | 6e 67 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 |king thi|ngs..X.X|
|00001ec0| 32 29 20 54 68 65 20 61 | 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 |2) The a|dvanced |
|00001ed0| 77 61 79 3a 20 6c 65 61 | 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 6e |way: lea|ve the n|
|00001ee0| 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 64 | 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 61 |etwork d|aemons a|
|00001ef0| 6c 6f 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 79 20 |lone and| modify |
|00001f00| 74 68 65 0a 58 20 20 20 | 69 6e 65 74 64 20 63 6f |the.X |inetd co|
|00001f10| 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 |nfigurat|ion file|
|00001f20| 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |. For e|xample, |
|00001f30| 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 72 79 | 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 |an entry| such as|
|00001f40| 3a 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 20 | 20 20 74 66 74 70 20 20 |:.X.X | tftp |
|00001f50| 64 67 72 61 6d 20 20 75 | 64 70 20 20 77 61 69 74 |dgram u|dp wait|
|00001f60| 20 20 72 6f 6f 74 20 20 | 2f 75 73 72 2f 65 74 63 | root |/usr/etc|
|00001f70| 2f 74 63 70 64 20 20 69 | 6e 2e 74 66 74 70 64 20 |/tcpd i|n.tftpd |
|00001f80| 2d 73 20 2f 74 66 74 70 | 62 6f 6f 74 0a 58 0a 58 |-s /tftp|boot.X.X|
|00001f90| 20 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 | 61 20 74 66 74 70 20 72 | When |a tftp r|
|00001fa0| 65 71 75 65 73 74 20 61 | 72 72 69 76 65 73 2c 20 |equest a|rrives, |
|00001fb0| 69 6e 65 74 64 20 77 69 | 6c 6c 20 72 75 6e 20 74 |inetd wi|ll run t|
|00001fc0| 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 | 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |he wrapp|er progr|
|00001fd0| 61 6d 0a 58 20 20 20 28 | 74 63 70 64 29 20 77 69 |am.X (|tcpd) wi|
|00001fe0| 74 68 20 61 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 20 6e 61 6d |th a pro|cess nam|
|00001ff0| 65 20 60 69 6e 2e 74 66 | 74 70 64 27 2e 20 20 54 |e `in.tf|tpd'. T|
|00002000| 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |his is t|he name |
|00002010| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 0a 58 20 20 20 77 72 61 |that the|.X wra|
|00002020| 70 70 65 72 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 75 73 65 20 77 68 |pper wil|l use wh|
|00002030| 65 6e 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 72 |en loggi|ng the r|
|00002040| 65 71 75 65 73 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 77 68 65 6e 20 |equest a|nd when |
|00002050| 73 63 61 6e 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 0a 58 20 20 |scanning| the.X |
|00002060| 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | optiona|l access|
|00002070| 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c | 20 74 61 62 6c 65 73 2e | control| tables.|
|00002080| 20 20 60 69 6e 2e 74 66 | 74 70 64 27 20 69 73 20 | `in.tf|tpd' is |
|00002090| 61 6c 73 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f 66 |also the| name of|
|000020a0| 20 74 68 65 0a 58 20 20 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 | the.X | server |
|000020b0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |program |that the|
|000020c0| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 74 | wrapper| will at|
|000020d0| 74 65 6d 70 74 20 74 6f | 20 72 75 6e 20 77 68 65 |tempt to| run whe|
|000020e0| 6e 20 61 6c 6c 20 69 73 | 0a 58 20 20 20 77 65 6c |n all is|.X wel|
|000020f0| 6c 2e 20 20 41 6e 79 20 | 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 |l. Any |argument|
|00002100| 73 20 28 60 2d 73 20 2f | 74 66 74 70 62 6f 6f 74 |s (`-s /|tftpboot|
|00002110| 27 20 69 6e 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 |' in thi|s partic|
|00002120| 75 6c 61 72 20 65 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 29 20 61 72 |ular exa|mple) ar|
|00002130| 65 0a 58 20 20 20 74 72 | 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e |e.X tr|ansparen|
|00002140| 74 6c 79 20 70 61 73 73 | 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 6f |tly pass|ed on to|
|00002150| 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 | the ser|ver prog|
|00002160| 72 61 6d 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 46 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 61 |ram..X.X|For an a|
|00002170| 63 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 68 69 |ccount o|f the hi|
|00002180| 73 74 6f 72 79 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 |story of| the wra|
|00002190| 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 73 2c 20 77 |pper pro|grams, w|
|000021a0| 69 74 68 20 72 65 61 6c | 2d 6c 69 66 65 0a 58 65 |ith real|-life.Xe|
|000021b0| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 2c | 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 |xamples,| see the|
|000021c0| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 6f | section| below o|
|000021d0| 6e 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 | 64 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 |n relate|d docume|
|000021e0| 6e 74 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 33 2e 32 20 2d 20 57 68 |nts..X.X|3.2 - Wh|
|000021f0| 65 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 |ere the |logging |
|00002200| 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f 65 73 |informat|ion goes|
|00002210| 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.X------|--------|
|00002220| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002230| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 |--------|--.X.XTh|
|00002240| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |e wrappe|r progra|
|00002250| 6d 73 20 73 65 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 6c 6f |ms send |their lo|
|00002260| 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 6e | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f |gging in|formatio|
|00002270| 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 0a |n to the| syslog.|
|00002280| 58 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 | 28 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 64 |Xdaemon |(syslogd|
|00002290| 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 | 69 73 70 6f 73 69 74 69 |). The d|ispositi|
|000022a0| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 |on of th|e wrappe|
|000022b0| 72 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 69 | 73 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d |r logs i|s determ|
|000022c0| 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 0a | 58 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |ined by.|Xthe sys|
|000022d0| 6c 6f 67 20 63 6f 6e 66 | 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f |log conf|iguratio|
|000022e0| 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 20 28 | 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 |n file (|usually |
|000022f0| 2f 65 74 63 2f 73 79 73 | 6c 6f 67 2e 63 6f 6e 66 |/etc/sys|log.conf|
|00002300| 29 2e 20 4d 65 73 73 61 | 67 65 73 20 61 72 65 0a |). Messa|ges are.|
|00002310| 58 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e | 20 74 6f 20 66 69 6c 65 |Xwritten| to file|
|00002320| 73 2c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 6f 6c |s, to th|e consol|
|00002330| 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 61 72 | 65 20 66 6f 72 77 61 72 |e, or ar|e forwar|
|00002340| 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 | 20 40 6c 6f 67 68 6f 73 |ded to a| @loghos|
|00002350| 74 2e 0a 58 0a 58 4f 6c | 64 65 72 20 73 79 73 6c |t..X.XOl|der sysl|
|00002360| 6f 67 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f |og imple|mentatio|
|00002370| 6e 73 20 28 73 74 69 6c | 6c 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 |ns (stil|l found |
|00002380| 6f 6e 20 55 6c 74 72 69 | 78 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |on Ultri|x system|
|00002390| 73 29 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0a | 58 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |s) only.|Xsupport|
|000023a0| 20 70 72 69 6f 72 69 74 | 79 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 | priorit|y levels|
|000023b0| 20 72 61 6e 67 69 6e 67 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 39 20 | ranging| from 9 |
|000023c0| 28 64 65 62 75 67 2d 6c | 65 76 65 6c 20 6d 65 73 |(debug-l|evel mes|
|000023d0| 73 61 67 65 73 29 20 74 | 6f 20 30 0a 58 28 61 6c |sages) t|o 0.X(al|
|000023e0| 65 72 74 73 29 2e 20 41 | 6c 6c 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 |erts). A|ll loggi|
|000023f0| 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |ng infor|mation o|
|00002400| 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 | 6d 65 20 70 72 69 6f 72 |f the sa|me prior|
|00002410| 69 74 79 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 20 28 6f 72 20 6d 6f |ity leve|l (or mo|
|00002420| 72 65 0a 58 75 72 67 65 | 6e 74 29 20 69 73 20 77 |re.Xurge|nt) is w|
|00002430| 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 |ritten t|o the sa|
|00002440| 6d 65 20 64 65 73 74 69 | 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |me desti|nation. |
|00002450| 20 49 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 2e 63 | In the |syslog.c|
|00002460| 6f 6e 66 20 66 69 6c 65 | 2c 0a 58 70 72 69 6f 72 |onf file|,.Xprior|
|00002470| 69 74 79 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 |ity leve|ls are s|
|00002480| 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 6e 75 6d 65 |pecified| in nume|
|00002490| 72 69 63 61 6c 20 66 6f | 72 6d 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 |rical fo|rm. For|
|000024a0| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 20 | example|,.X.X |
|000024b0| 20 38 2f 75 73 72 2f 73 | 70 6f 6f 6c 2f 6d 71 75 | 8/usr/s|pool/mqu|
|000024c0| 65 75 65 2f 73 79 73 6c | 6f 67 0a 58 0a 58 63 61 |eue/sysl|og.X.Xca|
|000024d0| 75 73 65 73 20 61 6c 6c | 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 |uses all| message|
|000024e0| 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 | 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 20 |s with p|riority |
|000024f0| 38 20 28 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |8 (infor|mational|
|00002500| 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | 73 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 0a | message|s), and.|
|00002510| 58 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 |Xanythin|g that i|
|00002520| 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 75 | 72 67 65 6e 74 2c 20 74 |s more u|rgent, t|
|00002530| 6f 20 62 65 20 61 70 70 | 65 6e 64 65 64 20 74 6f |o be app|ended to|
|00002540| 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c | 65 0a 58 2f 75 73 72 2f | the fil|e.X/usr/|
|00002550| 73 70 6f 6f 6c 2f 6d 71 | 75 65 75 65 2f 73 79 73 |spool/mq|ueue/sys|
|00002560| 6c 6f 67 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 4e 65 77 65 72 20 73 79 |log..X.X|Newer sy|
|00002570| 73 6c 6f 67 20 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 |slog imp|lementat|
|00002580| 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 75 70 | 70 6f 72 74 20 6d 65 73 |ions sup|port mes|
|00002590| 73 61 67 65 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 65 73 20 69 6e 20 |sage cla|sses in |
|000025a0| 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e | 20 74 6f 0a 58 70 72 69 |addition| to.Xpri|
|000025b0| 6f 72 69 74 79 20 6c 65 | 76 65 6c 73 2e 20 20 45 |ority le|vels. E|
|000025c0| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 6d 65 73 73 61 |xamples |of messa|
|000025d0| 67 65 20 63 6c 61 73 73 | 65 73 20 61 72 65 3a 20 |ge class|es are: |
|000025e0| 6d 61 69 6c 2c 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 2c 20 61 75 |mail, da|emon, au|
|000025f0| 74 68 0a 58 61 6e 64 20 | 6e 65 77 73 2e 20 49 6e |th.Xand |news. In|
|00002600| 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 | 6c 6f 67 2e 63 6f 6e 66 | the sys|log.conf|
|00002610| 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 70 | 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 20 | file, p|riority |
|00002620| 6c 65 76 65 6c 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 |levels a|re speci|
|00002630| 66 69 65 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 0a 58 73 79 6d 62 6f |fied wit|h.Xsymbo|
|00002640| 6c 69 63 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 73 3a 20 64 65 62 75 67 |lic name|s: debug|
|00002650| 2c 20 69 6e 66 6f 2c 20 | 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 2c 20 |, info, |notice, |
|00002660| 2e 2e 2e 2c 20 65 6d 65 | 72 67 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 |..., eme|rg. For |
|00002670| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 20 20 |example,|.X.X |
|00002680| 6d 61 69 6c 2e 64 65 62 | 75 67 09 09 09 2f 76 61 |mail.deb|ug.../va|
|00002690| 72 2f 6c 6f 67 2f 73 79 | 73 6c 6f 67 0a 58 0a 58 |r/log/sy|slog.X.X|
|000026a0| 63 61 75 73 65 73 20 61 | 6c 6c 20 6d 65 73 73 61 |causes a|ll messa|
|000026b0| 67 65 73 20 6f 66 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 20 6d 61 69 |ges of c|lass mai|
|000026c0| 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 | 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 20 |l with p|riority |
|000026d0| 64 65 62 75 67 20 28 6f | 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 75 |debug (o|r more u|
|000026e0| 72 67 65 6e 74 29 0a 58 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 70 |rgent).X|to be ap|
|000026f0| 70 65 6e 64 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 2f 76 |pended t|o the /v|
|00002700| 61 72 2f 6c 6f 67 2f 73 | 79 73 6c 6f 67 20 66 69 |ar/log/s|yslog fi|
|00002710| 6c 65 2e 0a 58 0a 58 42 | 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c |le..X.XB|y defaul|
|00002720| 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 6c |t, the w|rapper l|
|00002730| 6f 67 73 20 67 6f 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 |ogs go t|o the sa|
|00002740| 6d 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |me place| as the |
|00002750| 74 72 61 6e 73 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 0a 58 6c 6f 67 |transact|ion.Xlog|
|00002760| 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 65 6e 64 6d 61 69 |s of the| sendmai|
|00002770| 6c 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 |l daemon|. The di|
|00002780| 73 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f | 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |spositio|n can be|
|00002790| 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 65 64 69 74 | changed| by edit|
|000027a0| 69 6e 67 0a 58 74 68 65 | 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c |ing.Xthe| Makefil|
|000027b0| 65 20 61 6e 64 2f 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |e and/or| the sys|
|000027c0| 6c 6f 67 2e 63 6f 6e 66 | 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 53 |log.conf| file. S|
|000027d0| 65 6e 64 20 61 20 60 6b | 69 6c 6c 20 2d 48 55 50 |end a `k|ill -HUP|
|000027e0| 27 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 0a 58 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 |' to the|.Xsyslog|
|000027f0| 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 69 6e 67 |d after |changing|
|00002800| 20 69 74 73 20 63 6f 6e | 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 | its con|figurati|
|00002810| 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 2e | 20 52 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 |on file.| Remembe|
|00002820| 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 | 79 73 6c 6f 67 64 2c 0a |r that s|yslogd,.|
|00002830| 58 6a 75 73 74 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 20 73 65 6e 64 6d |Xjust li|ke sendm|
|00002840| 61 69 6c 2c 20 69 6e 73 | 69 73 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 |ail, ins|ists on |
|00002850| 6f 6e 65 20 6f 72 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 54 41 42 73 |one or m|ore TABs|
|00002860| 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 66 | between| the lef|
|00002870| 74 2d 68 61 6e 64 0a 58 | 73 69 64 65 20 61 6e 64 |t-hand.X|side and|
|00002880| 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 | 68 74 2d 68 61 6e 64 20 | the rig|ht-hand |
|00002890| 73 69 64 65 20 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 |side exp|ressions|
|000028a0| 20 69 6e 20 69 74 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 | in its |configur|
|000028b0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 | 6c 65 2e 0a 58 0a 58 34 |ation fi|le..X.X4|
|000028c0| 20 2d 20 46 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 73 0a 58 2d 2d 2d | - Featu|res.X---|
|000028d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0a 58 0a 58 34 2e 31 |--------|-.X.X4.1|
|000028e0| 20 2d 20 41 63 63 65 73 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | - Acces|s contro|
|000028f0| 6c 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |l.X-----|--------|
|00002900| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a | 58 0a 58 57 68 65 6e 20 |-------.|X.XWhen |
|00002910| 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 2d 44 |compiled| with -D|
|00002920| 48 4f 53 54 53 5f 41 43 | 43 45 53 53 2c 20 74 68 |HOSTS_AC|CESS, th|
|00002930| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |e wrappe|r progra|
|00002940| 6d 73 20 73 75 70 70 6f | 72 74 20 61 0a 58 73 69 |ms suppo|rt a.Xsi|
|00002950| 6d 70 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 20 6f 66 20 61 63 63 |mple for|m of acc|
|00002960| 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 72 6f 6c 2e 20 20 41 63 |ess cont|rol. Ac|
|00002970| 63 65 73 73 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 |cess can| be cont|
|00002980| 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 70 | 65 72 20 68 6f 73 74 2c |rolled p|er host,|
|00002990| 20 70 65 72 0a 58 73 65 | 72 76 69 63 65 2c 20 6f | per.Xse|rvice, o|
|000029a0| 72 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 |r combin|ations t|
|000029b0| 68 65 72 65 6f 66 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 73 6f 66 74 |hereof. |The soft|
|000029c0| 77 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 73 20 68 6f |ware pro|vides ho|
|000029d0| 6f 6b 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 0a 58 65 78 65 |oks for |the.Xexe|
|000029e0| 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 73 68 65 6c 6c 20 |cution o|f shell |
|000029f0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 6e |commands| when an|
|00002a00| 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | access |control |
|00002a10| 72 75 6c 65 20 66 69 72 | 65 73 3b 20 74 68 69 73 |rule fir|es; this|
|00002a20| 0a 58 66 65 61 74 75 72 | 65 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 |.Xfeatur|e may be|
|00002a30| 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c | used to| install|
|00002a40| 20 22 62 6f 6f 62 79 20 | 74 72 61 70 73 22 2e 20 | "booby |traps". |
|00002a50| 20 46 6f 72 20 64 65 74 | 61 69 6c 73 2c 20 73 65 | For det|ails, se|
|00002a60| 65 20 74 68 65 0a 58 68 | 6f 73 74 73 5f 61 63 63 |e the.Xh|osts_acc|
|00002a70| 65 73 73 2e 35 20 6d 61 | 6e 75 61 6c 20 70 61 67 |ess.5 ma|nual pag|
|00002a80| 65 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 60 |e, which| is in `|
|00002a90| 6e 72 6f 66 66 20 2d 6d | 61 6e 27 20 66 6f 72 6d |nroff -m|an' form|
|00002aa0| 61 74 2e 20 41 20 6c 61 | 74 65 72 0a 58 73 65 63 |at. A la|ter.Xsec|
|00002ab0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 73 20 68 |tion des|cribes h|
|00002ac0| 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | 61 6e 20 74 65 73 74 20 |ow you c|an test |
|00002ad0| 79 6f 75 72 20 61 63 63 | 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 |your acc|ess cont|
|00002ae0| 72 6f 6c 20 72 75 6c 65 | 73 2e 20 54 68 65 0a 58 |rol rule|s. The.X|
|00002af0| 68 6f 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 |hosts_op|tions.5 |
|00002b00| 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 20 70 | 61 67 65 20 64 65 73 63 |manual p|age desc|
|00002b10| 72 69 62 65 73 20 61 64 | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |ribes ad|ditional|
|00002b20| 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a 58 | feature|s that.X|
|00002b30| 61 72 65 20 74 75 72 6e | 65 64 20 6f 66 66 20 62 |are turn|ed off b|
|00002b40| 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c | 74 2e 0a 58 0a 58 41 63 |y defaul|t..X.XAc|
|00002b50| 63 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 |cess con|trol is |
|00002b60| 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 |enabled |by defau|
|00002b70| 6c 74 2e 20 49 74 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 74 75 |lt. It c|an be tu|
|00002b80| 72 6e 65 64 20 6f 66 66 | 20 62 79 20 65 64 69 74 |rned off| by edit|
|00002b90| 69 6e 67 0a 58 74 68 65 | 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c |ing.Xthe| Makefil|
|00002ba0| 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 62 79 | 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 69 |e, or by| providi|
|00002bb0| 6e 67 20 6e 6f 20 61 63 | 63 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e |ng no ac|cess con|
|00002bc0| 74 72 6f 6c 20 74 61 62 | 6c 65 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |trol tab|les. The|
|00002bd0| 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c | 0a 58 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | install|.Xinstru|
|00002be0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 | 65 6c 6f 77 20 64 65 73 |ctions b|elow des|
|00002bf0| 63 72 69 62 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 |cribe th|e Makefi|
|00002c00| 6c 65 20 65 64 69 74 69 | 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |le editi|ng proce|
|00002c10| 73 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 4f | 6e 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d |ss..X.XO|n System|
|00002c20| 20 56 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 54 43 50 2f 49 50 20 6f | V when |TCP/IP o|
|00002c30| 72 20 55 44 50 2f 49 50 | 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 |r UDP/IP| is used|
|00002c40| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 6e 65 | 61 74 68 20 54 4c 49 2c | underne|ath TLI,|
|00002c50| 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 | 70 70 65 72 0a 58 70 72 | the wra|pper.Xpr|
|00002c60| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 74 |ograms p|rovide t|
|00002c70| 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e |he same |function|
|00002c80| 73 20 61 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 73 6f 63 6b 65 74 |s as wit|h socket|
|00002c90| 2d 62 61 73 65 64 20 61 | 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 |-based a|pplicati|
|00002ca0| 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 58 57 68 | 65 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |ons..XWh|en some |
|00002cb0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 72 | 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 69 |other pr|otocol i|
|00002cc0| 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 6e 65 61 74 |s used u|nderneat|
|00002cd0| 68 20 54 4c 49 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 6f 73 74 20 |h TLI, t|he host |
|00002ce0| 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 0a 58 62 65 |address |will.Xbe|
|00002cf0| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 75 6e | 69 76 65 72 73 61 6c 20 | some un|iversal |
|00002d00| 6d 61 67 69 63 20 63 6f | 6f 6b 69 65 20 74 68 61 |magic co|okie tha|
|00002d10| 74 20 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f | 74 20 62 65 20 75 73 61 |t may no|t be usa|
|00002d20| 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | 61 63 63 65 73 73 0a 58 |ble for |access.X|
|00002d30| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 70 75 72 70 6f 73 65 73 |control |purposes|
|00002d40| 2e 0a 58 0a 58 34 2e 32 | 20 2d 20 48 6f 73 74 20 |..X.X4.2| - Host |
|00002d50| 6e 61 6d 65 20 73 70 6f | 6f 66 69 6e 67 0a 58 2d |name spo|ofing.X-|
|00002d60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002d70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a | 58 0a 58 57 69 74 68 20 |-------.|X.XWith |
|00002d80| 73 6f 6d 65 20 6e 65 74 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 61 70 70 |some net|work app|
|00002d90| 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 |lication|s, such |
|00002da0| 61 73 20 52 53 48 20 6f | 72 20 52 4c 4f 47 49 4e |as RSH o|r RLOGIN|
|00002db0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 | 6d 6f 74 65 20 68 6f 73 |, the re|mote hos|
|00002dc0| 74 0a 58 6e 61 6d 65 20 | 70 6c 61 79 73 20 61 6e |t.Xname |plays an|
|00002dd0| 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 | 6e 74 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 | importa|nt role |
|00002de0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 75 74 68 65 6e 74 69 63 |in the a|uthentic|
|00002df0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 2e 20 48 |ation pr|ocess. H|
|00002e00| 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 0a 58 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d |ost name|.Xinform|
|00002e10| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 | 6e 20 62 65 20 72 65 6c |ation ca|n be rel|
|00002e20| 69 61 62 6c 65 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 |iable wh|en looku|
|00002e30| 70 73 20 61 72 65 20 64 | 6f 6e 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |ps are d|one from|
|00002e40| 20 61 20 5f 6c 6f 63 61 | 6c 5f 20 68 6f 73 74 73 | a _loca|l_ hosts|
|00002e50| 0a 58 74 61 62 6c 65 2c | 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 |.Xtable,| provide|
|00002e60| 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e |d that t|he clien|
|00002e70| 74 20 49 50 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 20 63 61 6e |t IP add|ress can|
|00002e80| 20 62 65 20 74 72 75 73 | 74 65 64 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | be trus|ted..X.X|
|00002e90| 57 69 74 68 20 5f 64 69 | 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 |With _di|stribute|
|00002ea0| 64 5f 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 | 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 |d_ name |services|
|00002eb0| 2c 20 61 75 74 68 65 6e | 74 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |, authen|tication|
|00002ec0| 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 65 | schemes| that re|
|00002ed0| 6c 79 20 6f 6e 0a 58 68 | 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 |ly on.Xh|ost name|
|00002ee0| 73 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 72 |s become| more pr|
|00002ef0| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 61 74 69 | 63 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 |oblemati|c. The s|
|00002f00| 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 | 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 72 20 |ecurity |of your |
|00002f10| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6e | 6f 77 20 6d 61 79 0a 58 |system n|ow may.X|
|00002f20| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 20 6f | 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 |depend o|n some f|
|00002f30| 61 72 2d 61 77 61 79 20 | 44 4e 53 20 28 64 6f 6d |ar-away |DNS (dom|
|00002f40| 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 29 |ain name| server)|
|00002f50| 20 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 | outside| your ow|
|00002f60| 6e 0a 58 63 6f 6e 74 72 | 6f 6c 2e 20 0a 58 0a 58 |n.Xcontr|ol. .X.X|
|00002f70| 54 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 |The wrap|per prog|
|00002f80| 72 61 6d 73 20 76 65 72 | 69 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 |rams ver|ify the |
|00002f90| 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 68 | 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 |remote h|ost name|
|00002fa0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 | that is| returne|
|00002fb0| 64 20 62 79 0a 58 74 68 | 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 |d by.Xth|e addres|
|00002fc0| 73 2d 3e 6e 61 6d 65 20 | 44 4e 53 20 73 65 72 76 |s->name |DNS serv|
|00002fd0| 65 72 2c 20 62 79 20 61 | 73 6b 69 6e 67 20 66 6f |er, by a|sking fo|
|00002fe0| 72 20 61 20 73 65 63 6f | 6e 64 20 6f 70 69 6e 69 |r a seco|nd opini|
|00002ff0| 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 | 74 68 69 73 0a 58 65 6e |on. To |this.Xen|
|00003000| 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |d, the p|rograms |
|00003010| 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 |look at |the name|
|00003020| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 74 | and add|resses t|
|00003030| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 |hat are |returned|
|00003040| 20 62 79 0a 58 74 68 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 2d 3e 61 | by.Xthe| name->a|
|00003050| 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 44 | 4e 53 20 73 65 72 76 65 |ddress D|NS serve|
|00003060| 72 2e 20 0a 58 0a 58 49 | 66 20 61 6e 79 20 6e 61 |r. .X.XI|f any na|
|00003070| 6d 65 20 6f 72 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 |me or ad|dress di|
|00003080| 73 63 72 65 70 61 6e 63 | 69 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |screpanc|ies are |
|00003090| 66 6f 75 6e 64 2c 20 6f | 72 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 |found, o|r if the|
|000030a0| 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 | 44 4e 53 0a 58 6f 70 69 | second |DNS.Xopi|
|000030b0| 6e 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 76 61 69 |nion is |not avai|
|000030c0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 |lable, t|he wrapp|
|000030d0| 65 72 73 20 61 73 73 75 | 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ers assu|me that |
|000030e0| 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 6e |one of t|he two n|
|000030f0| 61 6d 65 0a 58 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 73 20 69 73 20 |ame.Xser|vers is |
|00003100| 6c 79 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 73 73 75 6d |lying, a|nd assum|
|00003110| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e |e that t|he clien|
|00003120| 74 20 68 6f 73 74 20 70 | 72 65 74 65 6e 64 73 20 |t host p|retends |
|00003130| 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 0a | 58 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 |to have.|Xsomeone|
|00003140| 20 65 6c 73 65 73 20 68 | 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 | elses h|ost name|
|00003150| 2e 0a 58 0a 58 57 68 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f |..X.XWhe|n the so|
|00003160| 75 72 63 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c |urces ar|e compil|
|00003170| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 2d 44 50 41 52 41 4e 4f |ed with |-DPARANO|
|00003180| 49 44 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 |ID, the |wrappers|
|00003190| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 72 | 6f 70 0a 58 74 68 65 20 | will dr|op.Xthe |
|000031a0| 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 63 61 |connecti|on in ca|
|000031b0| 73 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 68 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d |se of a |host nam|
|000031c0| 65 2f 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 64 69 73 63 72 65 |e/addres|s discre|
|000031d0| 70 61 6e 63 79 2e 20 0a | 58 0a 58 57 68 65 6e 20 |pancy. .|X.XWhen |
|000031e0| 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 72 | 63 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |the sour|ces are |
|000031f0| 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 69 6c 65 64 20 77 69 74 |not comp|iled wit|
|00003200| 68 20 2d 44 50 41 52 41 | 4e 4f 49 44 2c 20 74 68 |h -DPARA|NOID, th|
|00003210| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 73 20 6a 75 73 74 0a |e wrappe|rs just.|
|00003220| 58 70 72 65 74 65 6e 64 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6e |Xpretend| that an|
|00003230| 20 6f 66 66 65 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 20 68 6f 73 74 20 | offendi|ng host |
|00003240| 6e 61 6d 65 20 69 73 20 | 75 6e 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 2e |name is |unknown.|
|00003250| 0a 58 0a 58 50 61 72 61 | 6e 6f 69 64 20 6d 6f 64 |.X.XPara|noid mod|
|00003260| 65 20 69 73 20 65 6e 61 | 62 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 |e is ena|bled by |
|00003270| 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e | 20 49 74 20 63 61 6e 20 |default.| It can |
|00003280| 62 65 20 74 75 72 6e 65 | 64 20 6f 66 66 20 62 79 |be turne|d off by|
|00003290| 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 | 0a 58 74 68 65 20 4d 61 | editing|.Xthe Ma|
|000032a0| 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 |kefile. |The conf|
|000032b0| 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e |iguratio|n and in|
|000032c0| 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 |stallati|on below|
|000032d0| 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 | 65 73 20 74 68 65 0a 58 | describ|es the.X|
|000032e0| 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 | 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 |Makefile| editing|
|000032f0| 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | 2e 0a 58 0a 58 34 2e 33 | process|..X.X4.3|
|00003300| 20 2d 20 48 6f 73 74 20 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 | - Host |address |
|00003310| 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 6e 67 | 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |spoofing|.X------|
|00003320| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003330| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a | 58 57 68 69 6c 65 20 68 |-----.X.|XWhile h|
|00003340| 6f 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 69 6e |ost name| spoofin|
|00003350| 67 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 6f |g can be| found o|
|00003360| 75 74 20 62 79 20 61 73 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 |ut by as|king a s|
|00003370| 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 6f 70 | 69 6e 69 6f 6e 2c 0a 58 |econd op|inion,.X|
|00003380| 69 74 20 69 73 20 6d 75 | 63 68 20 68 61 72 64 65 |it is mu|ch harde|
|00003390| 72 20 74 6f 20 66 69 6e | 64 20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |r to fin|d out th|
|000033a0| 61 74 20 61 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 73 |at a hos|t claims|
|000033b0| 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 | to have| someone|
|000033c0| 20 65 6c 73 65 73 0a 58 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 | elses.X|network |
|000033d0| 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e | 20 41 6e 64 20 73 69 6e |address.| And sin|
|000033e0| 63 65 20 68 6f 73 74 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 61 72 |ce host |names ar|
|000033f0| 65 20 64 65 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6e |e deduce|d from n|
|00003400| 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 0a 58 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 |etwork.X|addresse|
|00003410| 73 2c 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 73 70 6f 6f 66 |s, addre|ss spoof|
|00003420| 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 61 | 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 |ing is a|t least |
|00003430| 61 73 20 65 66 66 65 63 | 74 69 76 65 20 61 73 20 |as effec|tive as |
|00003440| 6e 61 6d 65 20 73 70 6f | 6f 66 69 6e 67 2e 0a 58 |name spo|ofing..X|
|00003450| 0a 58 54 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 |.XThe wr|apper pr|
|00003460| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 67 69 76 65 20 |ograms c|an give |
|00003470| 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 |addition|al prote|
|00003480| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 67 | 61 69 6e 73 74 20 68 6f |ction ag|ainst ho|
|00003490| 73 74 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 0a 58 63 6c 61 69 6d 20 |sts that|.Xclaim |
|000034a0| 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 61 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 |to have |an addre|
|000034b0| 73 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 6c 69 65 73 20 6f 75 74 |ss that |lies out|
|000034c0| 73 69 64 65 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 6e |side the|ir own n|
|000034d0| 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 2e 20 | 20 46 6f 72 0a 58 65 78 |etwork. | For.Xex|
|000034e0| 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 66 61 72 2d |ample, s|ome far-|
|000034f0| 61 77 61 79 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 |away hos|t that c|
|00003500| 6c 61 69 6d 73 20 74 6f | 20 62 65 20 61 20 74 72 |laims to| be a tr|
|00003510| 75 73 74 65 64 20 68 6f | 73 74 20 77 69 74 68 69 |usted ho|st withi|
|00003520| 6e 0a 58 79 6f 75 72 20 | 6f 77 6e 20 6e 65 74 77 |n.Xyour |own netw|
|00003530| 6f 72 6b 2e 20 53 75 63 | 68 20 74 68 69 6e 67 73 |ork. Suc|h things|
|00003540| 20 61 72 65 20 70 6f 73 | 73 69 62 6c 65 20 65 76 | are pos|sible ev|
|00003550| 65 6e 20 77 68 69 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6d 70 |en while| the imp|
|00003560| 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 74 65 | 64 0a 58 73 79 73 74 65 |ersonate|d.Xsyste|
|00003570| 6d 20 69 73 20 75 70 20 | 61 6e 64 20 72 75 6e 6e |m is up |and runn|
|00003580| 69 6e 67 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 54 68 69 73 20 61 64 64 |ing..X.X|This add|
|00003590| 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 |itional |protecti|
|000035a0| 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 76 |on is no|t an inv|
|000035b0| 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e |ention o|f my own|
|000035c0| 3b 20 69 74 20 68 61 73 | 20 62 65 65 6e 0a 58 70 |; it has| been.Xp|
|000035d0| 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 74 20 6c 65 |resent f|or at le|
|000035e0| 61 73 74 20 66 69 76 65 | 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 69 |ast five| years i|
|000035f0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 42 53 | 44 20 72 73 68 20 61 6e |n the BS|D rsh an|
|00003600| 64 20 72 6c 6f 67 69 6e | 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 |d rlogin| daemons|
|00003610| 2e 0a 58 55 6e 66 6f 72 | 74 75 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 |..XUnfor|tunately|
|00003620| 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20 66 | 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 77 |, that f|eature w|
|00003630| 61 73 20 61 64 64 65 64 | 20 2a 61 66 74 65 72 2a |as added| *after*|
|00003640| 20 34 2e 33 20 42 53 44 | 20 63 61 6d 65 20 6f 75 | 4.3 BSD| came ou|
|00003650| 74 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 | 61 74 0a 58 76 65 72 79 |t, so th|at.Xvery|
|00003660| 20 66 65 77 2c 20 69 66 | 20 61 6e 79 2c 20 55 4e | few, if| any, UN|
|00003670| 49 58 20 76 65 6e 64 6f | 72 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |IX vendo|rs have |
|00003680| 61 64 6f 70 74 65 64 20 | 69 74 2e 20 20 4f 75 72 |adopted |it. Our|
|00003690| 20 73 69 74 65 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 0a | site, a|nd many.|
|000036a0| 58 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6f | 6e 65 73 2c 20 68 61 73 |Xother o|nes, has|
|000036b0| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 72 75 | 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | been ru|nning th|
|000036c0| 65 73 65 20 65 6e 68 61 | 6e 63 65 64 20 64 61 65 |ese enha|nced dae|
|000036d0| 6d 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c |mons for| several|
|000036e0| 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c 0a | 58 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 | years,.|Xand wit|
|000036f0| 68 6f 75 74 20 61 6e 79 | 20 69 6c 6c 20 65 66 66 |hout any| ill eff|
|00003700| 65 63 74 73 2e 0a 58 0a | 58 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 |ects..X.|XWhen th|
|00003710| 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 20 61 72 65 20 63 |e progra|ms are c|
|00003720| 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 2d 44 4b |ompiled |with -DK|
|00003730| 49 4c 4c 5f 49 50 5f 4f | 50 54 49 4f 4e 53 2c 20 |ILL_IP_O|PTIONS, |
|00003740| 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 72 | 6f 75 74 69 6e 67 0a 58 |source r|outing.X|
|00003750| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 64 69 73 61 62 6c 65 64 |will be |disabled|
|00003760| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c | 20 54 43 50 20 63 6f 6e | for all| TCP con|
|00003770| 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 |nections| that ar|
|00003780| 65 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 |e handle|d by the|
|00003790| 0a 58 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |.Xwrappe|r progra|
|000037a0| 6d 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 49 | 66 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 |ms..X.XI|f you ar|
|000037b0| 65 20 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 |e going |to use t|
|000037c0| 68 69 73 20 66 65 61 74 | 75 72 65 20 6f 6e 20 53 |his feat|ure on S|
|000037d0| 75 6e 4f 53 20 34 2e 31 | 2e 78 20 79 6f 75 20 73 |unOS 4.1|.x you s|
|000037e0| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 70 | 70 6c 79 0a 58 70 61 74 |hould ap|ply.Xpat|
|000037f0| 63 68 20 31 30 30 38 30 | 34 2d 30 33 20 6f 72 20 |ch 10080|4-03 or |
|00003800| 6c 61 74 65 72 2e 20 4f | 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 65 |later. O|therwise|
|00003810| 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 | 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 | you may| experie|
|00003820| 6e 63 65 20 22 42 41 44 | 20 54 52 41 50 22 20 61 |nce "BAD| TRAP" a|
|00003830| 6e 64 0a 58 22 44 61 74 | 61 20 66 61 75 6c 74 22 |nd.X"Dat|a fault"|
|00003840| 20 70 61 6e 69 63 73 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | panics |when the|
|00003850| 20 67 65 74 73 6f 63 6b | 6f 70 74 28 29 20 73 79 | getsock|opt() sy|
|00003860| 73 74 65 6d 20 63 61 6c | 6c 20 69 73 20 65 78 65 |stem cal|l is exe|
|00003870| 63 75 74 65 64 20 61 66 | 74 65 72 0a 58 61 20 54 |cuted af|ter.Xa T|
|00003880| 43 50 20 52 45 53 45 54 | 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 |CP RESET| has bee|
|00003890| 6e 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 | 65 64 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 |n receiv|ed..X.XT|
|000038a0| 68 65 20 66 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 20 69 73 20 64 69 |he featu|re is di|
|000038b0| 73 61 62 6c 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c |sabled b|y defaul|
|000038c0| 74 2e 20 49 74 20 63 61 | 6e 20 62 65 20 74 75 72 |t. It ca|n be tur|
|000038d0| 6e 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 62 | 79 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e |ned on b|y editin|
|000038e0| 67 20 74 68 65 0a 58 4d | 61 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 2e |g the.XM|akefile.|
|000038f0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 6f | 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 | The co|nfigurat|
|00003900| 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 61 |ion and |installa|
|00003910| 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 6c |tion sec|tion bel|
|00003920| 6f 77 20 64 65 73 63 72 | 69 62 65 73 0a 58 74 68 |ow descr|ibes.Xth|
|00003930| 65 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 | 6c 65 20 65 64 69 74 69 |e Makefi|le editi|
|00003940| 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 55 |ng proce|ss..X.XU|
|00003950| 44 50 20 73 65 72 76 69 | 63 65 73 20 64 6f 20 6e |DP servi|ces do n|
|00003960| 6f 74 20 62 65 6e 65 66 | 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |ot benef|it from |
|00003970| 74 68 69 73 20 61 64 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 |this add|itional |
|00003980| 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 57 69 74 68 |protecti|on. With|
|00003990| 20 55 44 50 2c 0a 58 61 | 6c 6c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | UDP,.Xa|ll you c|
|000039a0| 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 65 | 72 74 61 69 6e 20 6f 66 |an be ce|rtain of|
|000039b0| 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 | is the |network |
|000039c0| 70 61 63 6b 65 74 27 73 | 20 64 65 73 74 69 6e 61 |packet's| destina|
|000039d0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 2e 0a 58 0a |tion add|ress..X.|
|000039e0| 58 34 2e 34 20 2d 20 52 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 75 73 |X4.4 - R|emote us|
|000039f0| 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 75 70 73 0a 58 |ername l|ookups.X|
|00003a00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003a10| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a |--------|-----.X.|
|00003a20| 58 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 70 72 |XThe pro|tocol pr|
|00003a30| 6f 70 6f 73 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 52 46 43 20 39 33 |oposed i|n RFC 93|
|00003a40| 31 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 73 20 61 20 6d 65 61 |1 provid|es a mea|
|00003a50| 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 67 65 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |ns to ge|t the re|
|00003a60| 6d 6f 74 65 0a 58 75 73 | 65 72 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |mote.Xus|er name |
|00003a70| 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 |from the| client |
|00003a80| 68 6f 73 74 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 |host. T|he requi|
|00003a90| 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |rement i|s that t|
|00003aa0| 68 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e | 74 0a 58 68 6f 73 74 20 |he clien|t.Xhost |
|00003ab0| 72 75 6e 73 20 61 6e 20 | 52 46 43 20 39 33 31 2d |runs an |RFC 931-|
|00003ac0| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 61 6e | 74 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |complian|t daemon|
|00003ad0| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f |. The in|formatio|
|00003ae0| 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 73 75 |n provid|ed by su|
|00003af0| 63 68 0a 58 61 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 |ch.Xa da|emon is |
|00003b00| 6e 6f 74 20 69 6e 74 65 | 6e 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |not inte|nded to |
|00003b10| 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 61 75 74 68 |be used |for auth|
|00003b20| 65 6e 74 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 70 75 72 70 6f |enticati|on purpo|
|00003b30| 73 65 73 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 69 74 0a 58 63 61 6e |ses, but| it.Xcan|
|00003b40| 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f | provide| additio|
|00003b50| 6e 61 6c 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |nal info|rmation |
|00003b60| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 77 6e 65 72 20 |about th|e owner |
|00003b70| 6f 66 20 61 20 54 43 50 | 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 |of a TCP| connect|
|00003b80| 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 |ion..X.X|There ar|
|00003b90| 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6c | 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f |e some l|imitatio|
|00003ba0| 6e 73 3a 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |ns: the |number o|
|00003bb0| 66 20 68 6f 73 74 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 72 75 6e |f hosts |that run|
|00003bc0| 20 61 6e 20 52 46 43 20 | 39 33 31 20 28 6f 72 0a | an RFC |931 (or.|
|00003bd0| 58 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 | 62 6c 65 29 20 64 61 65 |Xcompati|ble) dae|
|00003be0| 6d 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 73 | 6d 61 6c 6c 20 28 62 75 |mon is s|mall (bu|
|00003bf0| 74 20 67 72 6f 77 69 6e | 67 29 3b 20 72 65 6d 6f |t growin|g); remo|
|00003c00| 74 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f |te user |name loo|
|00003c10| 6b 75 70 73 20 64 6f 0a | 58 6e 6f 74 20 77 6f 72 |kups do.|Xnot wor|
|00003c20| 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 64 61 | 74 61 67 72 61 6d 20 28 |k for da|tagram (|
|00003c30| 55 44 50 29 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |UDP) con|nections|
|00003c40| 2e 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 73 | 65 72 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 |. More s|eriously|
|00003c50| 2c 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 | 20 75 73 65 72 0a 58 6e |, remote| user.Xn|
|00003c60| 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b | 75 70 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |ame look|ups can |
|00003c70| 63 61 75 73 65 20 6e 6f | 74 69 63 65 61 62 6c 65 |cause no|ticeable|
|00003c80| 20 64 65 6c 61 79 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 63 6f 6e | delays |with con|
|00003c90| 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6e 6f |nections| from no|
|00003ca0| 6e 2d 55 4e 49 58 0a 58 | 50 43 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |n-UNIX.X|PCs. The|
|00003cb0| 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 73 20 75 73 65 20 61 20 | wrapper|s use a |
|00003cc0| 31 30 2d 73 65 63 6f 6e | 64 20 74 69 6d 65 6f 75 |10-secon|d timeou|
|00003cd0| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 52 46 | 43 39 33 31 20 6c 6f 6f |t for RF|C931 loo|
|00003ce0| 6b 75 70 73 2c 20 74 6f | 0a 58 61 63 63 6f 6d 6d |kups, to|.Xaccomm|
|00003cf0| 6f 64 61 74 65 20 73 6c | 6f 77 20 6e 65 74 77 6f |odate sl|ow netwo|
|00003d00| 72 6b 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 73 6c 6f 77 20 68 6f 73 |rks and |slow hos|
|00003d10| 74 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 42 | 79 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c |ts..X.XB|y defaul|
|00003d20| 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 |t, the w|rappers |
|00003d30| 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 6f 20 | 75 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 |will do |username|
|00003d40| 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 75 70 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 77 68 65 | lookup |only whe|
|00003d50| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 | 63 65 73 73 0a 58 63 6f |n the ac|cess.Xco|
|00003d60| 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 72 75 | 6c 65 73 20 72 65 71 75 |ntrol ru|les requ|
|00003d70| 69 72 65 20 74 68 65 6d | 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 73 |ire them| to do s|
|00003d80| 6f 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 |o. The |wrappers|
|00003d90| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 | can be |configur|
|00003da0| 65 64 20 74 6f 0a 58 61 | 6c 77 61 79 73 20 70 65 |ed to.Xa|lways pe|
|00003db0| 72 66 6f 72 6d 20 72 65 | 6d 6f 74 65 20 75 73 65 |rform re|mote use|
|00003dc0| 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 75 70 73 20 62 79 |rname lo|okups by|
|00003dd0| 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b | editing| the Mak|
|00003de0| 65 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 0a 58 72 65 6d |efile. |The.Xrem|
|00003df0| 6f 74 65 20 75 73 65 72 | 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f |ote user|name loo|
|00003e00| 6b 75 70 20 74 69 6d 65 | 6f 75 74 20 70 65 72 69 |kup time|out peri|
|00003e10| 6f 64 20 28 31 30 20 73 | 65 63 6f 6e 64 73 20 64 |od (10 s|econds d|
|00003e20| 65 66 61 75 6c 74 29 20 | 63 61 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f |efault) |can also|
|00003e30| 20 62 65 0a 58 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 64 20 62 79 20 | be.Xcha|nged by |
|00003e40| 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b 65 |editing |the Make|
|00003e50| 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c |file. Th|e instal|
|00003e60| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |lation s|ections |
|00003e70| 62 65 6c 6f 77 0a 58 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 |below.Xd|escribe |
|00003e80| 74 68 65 20 4d 61 6b 65 | 66 69 6c 65 20 65 64 69 |the Make|file edi|
|00003e90| 74 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 2e 0a 58 0a |ting pro|cess..X.|
|00003ea0| 58 54 68 65 20 52 46 43 | 20 39 33 31 20 70 72 6f |XThe RFC| 931 pro|
|00003eb0| 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 68 61 | 73 20 64 69 76 65 72 67 |tocol ha|s diverg|
|00003ec0| 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e |ed into |differen|
|00003ed0| 74 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 49 44 |t direct|ions (ID|
|00003ee0| 45 4e 54 20 61 6e 64 0a | 58 54 41 50 29 2e 20 54 |ENT and.|XTAP). T|
|00003ef0| 6f 20 61 64 64 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e |o add to| the con|
|00003f00| 66 75 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 62 6f 74 68 20 70 72 6f |fusion, |both pro|
|00003f10| 74 6f 63 6f 6c 73 20 75 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 |tocols u|se the s|
|00003f20| 61 6d 65 20 6e 65 74 77 | 6f 72 6b 0a 58 70 6f 72 |ame netw|ork.Xpor|
|00003f30| 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 77 |t. The |daemon w|
|00003f40| 72 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 | 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e |rappers |implemen|
|00003f50| 74 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 6f 6e 20 73 75 62 73 65 |t a comm|on subse|
|00003f60| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f |t of the| protoco|
|00003f70| 6c 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 4f | 6e 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d |ls..X.XO|n System|
|00003f80| 20 56 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 54 4c 49 2d 62 61 73 65 | V with |TLI-base|
|00003f90| 64 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 |d networ|k servic|
|00003fa0| 65 73 2c 20 72 65 6d 6f | 74 65 20 75 73 65 72 6e |es, remo|te usern|
|00003fb0| 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b | 75 70 73 0a 58 77 69 6c |ame look|ups.Xwil|
|00003fc0| 6c 20 62 65 20 70 6f 73 | 73 69 62 6c 65 20 6f 6e |l be pos|sible on|
|00003fd0| 6c 79 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 75 6e 64 65 |ly when |the unde|
|00003fe0| 72 6c 79 69 6e 67 20 6e | 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 70 |rlying n|etwork p|
|00003ff0| 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 | 69 73 20 54 43 50 2f 49 |rotocol |is TCP/I|
|00004000| 50 2e 0a 58 0a 58 34 2e | 35 20 2d 20 4c 61 6e 67 |P..X.X4.|5 - Lang|
|00004010| 75 61 67 65 20 65 78 74 | 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 0a |uage ext|ensions.|
|00004020| 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |X-------|--------|
|00004030| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 |--------|--.X.XTh|
|00004040| 65 20 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 73 20 73 70 6f 72 74 |e wrappe|rs sport|
|00004050| 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 20 | 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 | only a |limited |
|00004060| 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f | 66 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 |number o|f featur|
|00004070| 65 73 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |es. This| is for |
|00004080| 61 0a 58 67 6f 6f 64 20 | 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 3a 20 |a.Xgood |reason: |
|00004090| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 75 |programs| that ru|
|000040a0| 6e 20 61 74 20 68 69 67 | 68 20 70 72 69 76 69 6c |n at hig|h privil|
|000040b0| 65 67 65 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 73 20 6d 75 73 74 20 |ege leve|ls must |
|000040c0| 62 65 20 65 61 73 79 20 | 74 6f 0a 58 76 65 72 69 |be easy |to.Xveri|
|000040d0| 66 79 2e 20 41 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 6d 61 6c |fy. And |the smal|
|000040e0| 6c 65 72 20 61 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 74 |ler a pr|ogram, t|
|000040f0| 68 65 20 65 61 73 69 65 | 72 20 74 6f 20 76 65 72 |he easie|r to ver|
|00004100| 69 66 79 2e 20 54 68 65 | 72 65 20 69 73 2c 0a 58 |ify. The|re is,.X|
|00004110| 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c | 20 61 20 70 72 6f 76 69 |however,| a provi|
|00004120| 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 61 64 64 20 66 65 61 74 |sion to |add feat|
|00004130| 75 72 65 73 2e 0a 58 0a | 58 54 68 65 20 6f 70 74 |ures..X.|XThe opt|
|00004140| 69 6f 6e 73 2e 63 20 6d | 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 70 72 |ions.c m|odule pr|
|00004150| 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 61 | 20 66 72 61 6d 65 77 6f |ovides a| framewo|
|00004160| 72 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 6c | 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 |rk for l|anguage |
|00004170| 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 6f | 6e 73 2e 0a 58 51 75 69 |extensio|ns..XQui|
|00004180| 74 65 20 61 20 66 65 77 | 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 |te a few| extensi|
|00004190| 6f 6e 73 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 |ons have| already|
|000041a0| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 | been im|plemente|
|000041b0| 64 3b 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 61 72 65 0a 58 64 6f 63 |d; they |are.Xdoc|
|000041c0| 75 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 68 |umented |in the h|
|000041d0| 6f 73 74 73 5f 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 2e 35 20 64 |osts_opt|ions.5 d|
|000041e0| 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 2c | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 |ocument,| which i|
|000041f0| 73 20 69 6e 20 60 6e 72 | 6f 66 66 20 2d 6d 61 6e |s in `nr|off -man|
|00004200| 27 0a 58 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 2e 20 45 78 61 6d 70 |'.Xforma|t. Examp|
|00004210| 6c 65 73 3a 20 63 68 61 | 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |les: cha|nging th|
|00004220| 65 20 73 65 76 65 72 69 | 74 79 20 6c 65 76 65 6c |e severi|ty level|
|00004230| 20 61 74 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 61 20 72 65 71 75 | at whic|h a requ|
|00004240| 65 73 74 20 66 6f 72 0a | 58 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 |est for.|Xservice|
|00004250| 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 67 67 | 65 64 3b 20 22 61 6c 6c | is logg|ed; "all|
|00004260| 6f 77 22 20 61 6e 64 20 | 22 64 65 6e 79 22 20 6b |ow" and |"deny" k|
|00004270| 65 79 77 6f 72 64 73 3b | 20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 |eywords;| running|
|00004280| 20 61 20 63 75 73 74 6f | 6d 69 7a 65 64 0a 58 73 | a custo|mized.Xs|
|00004290| 65 72 76 65 72 20 69 6e | 73 74 65 61 64 20 6f 66 |erver in|stead of|
|000042a0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 | 6e 64 61 72 64 20 6f 6e | the sta|ndard on|
|000042b0| 65 3b 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 73 2e 0a |e; many |others..|
|000042c0| 58 0a 58 54 68 65 20 6c | 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 |X.XThe l|anguage |
|000042d0| 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 6f | 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e |extensio|ns are n|
|000042e0| 6f 74 20 65 6e 61 62 6c | 65 64 20 62 79 20 64 65 |ot enabl|ed by de|
|000042f0| 66 61 75 6c 74 20 62 65 | 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 |fault be|cause th|
|00004300| 65 79 0a 58 69 6e 74 72 | 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 6e |ey.Xintr|oduce an|
|00004310| 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 61 | 74 69 62 6c 65 20 63 68 | incompa|tible ch|
|00004320| 61 6e 67 65 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 61 63 63 65 |ange to |the acce|
|00004330| 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 | 6f 6c 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 |ss contr|ol langu|
|00004340| 61 67 65 0a 58 73 79 6e | 74 61 78 2e 20 20 49 6e |age.Xsyn|tax. In|
|00004350| 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 65 6e |structio|ns to en|
|00004360| 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 |able the| extensi|
|00004370| 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 67 69 76 65 6e 20 69 6e |ons are |given in|
|00004380| 20 74 68 65 0a 58 4d 61 | 6b 65 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a | the.XMa|kefile..|
|00004390| 58 0a 58 35 20 2d 20 4f | 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f 72 |X.X5 - O|ther wor|
|000043a0| 6b 73 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ks.X----|--------|
|000043b0| 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 35 | 2e 31 20 2d 20 52 65 6c |---.X.X5|.1 - Rel|
|000043c0| 61 74 65 64 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 0a 58 |ated doc|uments.X|
|000043d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000043e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a | 58 0a 58 54 68 65 20 77 |-------.|X.XThe w|
|000043f0| 61 72 20 73 74 6f 72 79 | 20 62 65 68 69 6e 64 20 |ar story| behind |
|00004400| 74 68 65 20 77 72 61 70 | 70 65 72 20 74 6f 6f 6c |the wrap|per tool|
|00004410| 73 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 |s is des|cribed i|
|00004420| 6e 3a 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 | 20 20 57 2e 5a 2e 20 56 |n:.X.X | W.Z. V|
|00004430| 65 6e 65 6d 61 2c 20 22 | 54 43 50 20 57 52 41 50 |enema, "|TCP WRAP|
|00004440| 50 45 52 2c 20 6e 65 74 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 6d 6f 6e |PER, net|work mon|
|00004450| 69 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 2c | 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 |itoring,| access |
|00004460| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 61 6e 64 0a 58 20 20 20 |control |and.X |
|00004470| 20 62 6f 6f 62 79 20 74 | 72 61 70 73 22 2c 20 55 | booby t|raps", U|
|00004480| 4e 49 58 20 53 65 63 75 | 72 69 74 79 20 53 79 6d |NIX Secu|rity Sym|
|00004490| 70 6f 73 69 75 6d 20 49 | 49 49 20 50 72 6f 63 65 |posium I|II Proce|
|000044a0| 65 64 69 6e 67 73 20 28 | 42 61 6c 74 69 6d 6f 72 |edings (|Baltimor|
|000044b0| 65 29 2c 0a 58 20 20 20 | 20 53 65 70 74 65 6d 62 |e),.X | Septemb|
|000044c0| 65 72 20 31 39 39 32 2e | 20 0a 58 0a 58 20 20 20 |er 1992.| .X.X |
|000044d0| 20 66 74 70 2e 77 69 6e | 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e 6c 3a | ftp.win|.tue.nl:|
|000044e0| 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 65 63 | 75 72 69 74 79 2f 74 63 |/pub/sec|urity/tc|
|000044f0| 70 5f 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 2e 70 73 2e 5a 20 28 |p_wrappe|r.ps.Z (|
|00004500| 70 6f 73 74 73 63 72 69 | 70 74 29 0a 58 20 20 20 |postscri|pt).X |
|00004510| 20 66 74 70 2e 77 69 6e | 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e 6c 3a | ftp.win|.tue.nl:|
|00004520| 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 65 63 | 75 72 69 74 79 2f 74 63 |/pub/sec|urity/tc|
|00004530| 70 5f 77 72 61 70 70 65 | 72 2e 74 78 74 2e 5a 20 |p_wrappe|r.txt.Z |
|00004540| 28 66 6c 61 74 20 74 65 | 78 74 29 0a 58 0a 58 54 |(flat te|xt).X.XT|
|00004550| 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 | 63 72 61 63 6b 65 72 20 |he same |cracker |
|00004560| 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |is also |describe|
|00004570| 64 20 69 6e 3a 0a 58 0a | 58 20 20 20 20 57 2e 52 |d in:.X.|X W.R|
|00004580| 2e 20 43 68 65 73 77 69 | 63 6b 2c 20 22 41 6e 20 |. Cheswi|ck, "An |
|00004590| 45 76 65 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 42 65 72 |Evening |with Ber|
|000045a0| 66 65 72 64 2c 20 49 6e | 20 57 68 69 63 68 20 61 |ferd, In| Which a|
|000045b0| 20 43 72 61 63 6b 65 72 | 20 69 73 0a 58 20 20 20 | Cracker| is.X |
|000045c0| 20 4c 75 72 65 64 2c 20 | 45 6e 64 75 72 65 64 2c | Lured, |Endured,|
|000045d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 53 74 75 | 64 69 65 64 22 2c 20 50 | and Stu|died", P|
|000045e0| 72 6f 63 65 65 64 69 6e | 67 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |roceedin|gs of th|
|000045f0| 65 20 57 69 6e 74 65 72 | 20 55 53 45 4e 49 58 0a |e Winter| USENIX.|
|00004600| 58 20 20 20 20 43 6f 6e | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 |X Con|ference |
|00004610| 28 53 61 6e 20 46 72 61 | 6e 63 69 73 63 6f 29 2c |(San Fra|ncisco),|
|00004620| 20 4a 61 6e 75 61 72 79 | 20 31 39 39 32 2e 0a 58 | January| 1992..X|
|00004630| 0a 58 20 20 20 20 72 65 | 73 65 61 72 63 68 2e 61 |.X re|search.a|
|00004640| 74 74 2e 63 6f 6d 3a 2f | 64 69 73 74 2f 69 6e 74 |tt.com:/|dist/int|
|00004650| 65 72 6e 65 74 5f 73 65 | 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 62 |ernet_se|curity/b|
|00004660| 65 72 66 65 72 64 2e 70 | 73 0a 58 0a 58 44 69 73 |erferd.p|s.X.XDis|
|00004670| 63 75 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 |cussions| on inte|
|00004680| 72 6e 65 74 20 66 69 72 | 65 77 61 6c 6c 73 20 61 |rnet fir|ewalls a|
|00004690| 72 65 20 61 72 63 68 69 | 76 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 66 |re archi|ved on f|
|000046a0| 74 70 2e 67 72 65 61 74 | 63 69 72 63 6c 65 2e 63 |tp.great|circle.c|
|000046b0| 6f 6d 2e 0a 58 53 75 62 | 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 74 |om..XSub|scribe t|
|000046c0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 |o the ma|iling li|
|000046d0| 73 74 20 62 79 20 73 65 | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |st by se|nding a |
|000046e0| 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 | 74 6f 20 0a 58 0a 58 20 |message |to .X.X |
|000046f0| 20 20 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 | 64 6f 6d 6f 40 67 72 65 | major|domo@gre|
|00004700| 61 74 63 69 72 63 6c 65 | 2e 63 6f 6d 0a 58 0a 58 |atcircle|.com.X.X|
|00004710| 57 69 74 68 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 6f 64 79 |With in |the body|
|00004720| 20 28 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 | 62 6a 65 63 74 29 3a 20 | (not su|bject): |
|00004730| 73 75 62 73 63 72 69 62 | 65 20 66 69 72 65 77 61 |subscrib|e firewa|
|00004740| 6c 6c 73 2e 0a 58 0a 58 | 35 2e 32 20 2d 20 52 65 |lls..X.X|5.2 - Re|
|00004750| 6c 61 74 65 64 20 73 6f | 66 74 77 61 72 65 0a 58 |lated so|ftware.X|
|00004760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004770| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 | 0a 58 4e 65 74 77 6f 72 |------.X|.XNetwor|
|00004780| 6b 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e | 73 20 65 74 63 2e 20 77 |k daemon|s etc. w|
|00004790| 69 74 68 20 65 6e 68 61 | 6e 63 65 64 20 6c 6f 67 |ith enha|nced log|
|000047a0| 67 69 6e 67 20 63 61 70 | 61 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 |ging cap|abilitie|
|000047b0| 73 20 63 61 6e 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 0a 58 |s can ge|nerate.X|
|000047c0| 6d 61 73 73 69 76 65 20 | 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 73 20 |massive |amounts |
|000047d0| 6f 66 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 |of infor|mation: |
|000047e0| 6f 75 72 20 31 30 30 2b | 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 74 61 |our 100+| worksta|
|000047f0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 67 65 | 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 73 |tions ge|nerate s|
|00004800| 65 76 65 72 61 6c 0a 58 | 68 75 6e 64 72 65 64 20 |everal.X|hundred |
|00004810| 6b 62 79 74 65 73 20 65 | 61 63 68 20 64 61 79 2e |kbytes e|ach day.|
|00004820| 20 65 67 72 65 70 2d 62 | 61 73 65 64 20 66 69 6c | egrep-b|ased fil|
|00004830| 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 6e | 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 6f |ters can| help to|
|00004840| 20 73 75 70 70 72 65 73 | 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 0a 58 | suppres|s some.X|
|00004850| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 6f 69 73 65 2e 20 20 41 |of the n|oise. A|
|00004860| 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 6f | 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 74 | more po|werful t|
|00004870| 6f 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 77 61 74 63 |ool is t|he Swatc|
|00004880| 68 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f | 72 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 |h monito|ring sys|
|00004890| 74 65 6d 20 62 79 0a 58 | 53 74 65 70 68 65 6e 20 |tem by.X|Stephen |
|000048a0| 45 2e 20 48 61 6e 73 65 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 45 2e |E. Hanse|n and E.|
|000048b0| 20 54 6f 64 64 20 41 74 | 6b 69 6e 73 2e 20 53 77 | Todd At|kins. Sw|
|000048c0| 61 74 63 68 20 63 61 6e | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |atch can| process|
|000048d0| 20 6c 6f 67 20 66 69 6c | 65 73 20 69 6e 0a 58 72 | log fil|es in.Xr|
|000048e0| 65 61 6c 20 74 69 6d 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 61 6e |eal time| and can|
|000048f0| 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 | 74 65 20 61 72 62 69 74 | associa|te arbit|
|00004900| 72 61 72 79 20 61 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 |rary act|ions wit|
|00004910| 68 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 | 6e 73 3b 20 69 74 73 0a |h patter|ns; its.|
|00004920| 58 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 |Xapplica|tions ar|
|00004930| 65 20 62 79 20 6e 6f 20 | 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 72 65 |e by no |means re|
|00004940| 73 74 72 69 63 74 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 73 65 63 75 |stricted| to secu|
|00004950| 72 69 74 79 2e 20 20 53 | 77 61 74 63 68 20 69 73 |rity. S|watch is|
|00004960| 0a 58 61 76 61 69 6c 61 | 62 6c 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |.Xavaila|ble from|
|00004970| 20 73 69 65 72 72 61 2e | 73 74 61 6e 66 6f 72 64 | sierra.|stanford|
|00004980| 2e 65 64 75 2c 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 |.edu, di|rectory |
|00004990| 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 6f 75 | 72 63 65 73 2e 0a 58 0a |/pub/sou|rces..X.|
|000049a0| 58 53 6f 63 6b 73 2c 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |XSocks, |describe|
|000049b0| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 55 4e 49 58 20 53 65 |d in the| UNIX Se|
|000049c0| 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 49 | 49 49 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |curity I|II proce|
|000049d0| 65 64 69 6e 67 73 2c 20 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 |edings, |can be u|
|000049e0| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 0a 58 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 |sed to.X|control |
|000049f0| 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 | 74 72 61 66 66 69 63 20 |network |traffic |
|00004a00| 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 6f 73 | 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e |from hos|ts on an|
|00004a10| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 | 6c 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 | interna|l networ|
|00004a20| 6b 2c 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 61 0a 58 66 69 |k, throu|gh a.Xfi|
|00004a30| 72 65 77 61 6c 6c 20 68 | 6f 73 74 2c 20 74 6f 20 |rewall h|ost, to |
|00004a40| 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 65 | 72 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 2e |the oute|r world.|
|00004a50| 20 53 6f 63 6b 73 20 63 | 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 | Socks c|onsists |
|00004a60| 6f 66 20 61 20 64 61 65 | 6d 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 |of a dae|mon that|
|00004a70| 20 69 73 0a 58 72 75 6e | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | is.Xrun| on the |
|00004a80| 66 69 72 65 77 61 6c 6c | 20 68 6f 73 74 2c 20 61 |firewall| host, a|
|00004a90| 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 |nd of a |library |
|00004aa0| 77 69 74 68 20 72 6f 75 | 74 69 6e 65 73 20 74 68 |with rou|tines th|
|00004ab0| 61 74 20 72 65 64 69 72 | 65 63 74 0a 58 61 70 70 |at redir|ect.Xapp|
|00004ac0| 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 73 6f 63 6b 65 74 20 |lication| socket |
|00004ad0| 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 74 68 | 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 |calls th|rough th|
|00004ae0| 65 20 66 69 72 65 77 61 | 6c 6c 20 64 61 65 6d 6f |e firewa|ll daemo|
|00004af0| 6e 2e 20 20 53 6f 63 6b | 73 20 69 73 0a 58 61 76 |n. Sock|s is.Xav|
|00004b00| 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 73 31 2e |ailable |from s1.|
|00004b10| 67 6f 76 20 69 6e 20 2f | 70 75 62 2f 66 69 72 65 |gov in /|pub/fire|
|00004b20| 77 61 6c 6c 73 2f 73 6f | 63 6b 73 2e 74 61 72 2e |walls/so|cks.tar.|
|00004b30| 5a 2e 0a 58 0a 58 46 6f | 72 20 61 20 6d 6f 64 69 |Z..X.XFo|r a modi|
|00004b40| 66 69 65 64 20 53 6f 63 | 6b 73 20 76 65 72 73 69 |fied Soc|ks versi|
|00004b50| 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 59 69 | 6e 67 2d 44 61 20 4c 65 |on by Yi|ng-Da Le|
|00004b60| 65 20 28 79 6c 65 65 40 | 73 79 6c 2e 64 6c 2e 6e |e (ylee@|syl.dl.n|
|00004b70| 65 63 2e 63 6f 6d 29 20 | 74 72 79 0a 58 66 74 70 |ec.com) |try.Xftp|
|00004b80| 2e 6e 65 63 2e 63 6f 6d | 2c 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |.nec.com|, direct|
|00004b90| 6f 72 79 20 2f 70 75 62 | 2f 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 |ory /pub|/securit|
|00004ba0| 79 2f 73 6f 63 6b 73 2e | 63 73 74 63 2e 0a 58 0a |y/socks.|cstc..X.|
|00004bb0| 58 54 63 70 72 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 73 65 74 20 6f |XTcpr is| a set o|
|00004bc0| 66 20 70 65 72 6c 20 73 | 63 72 69 70 74 73 20 62 |f perl s|cripts b|
|00004bd0| 79 20 50 61 75 6c 20 5a | 69 65 6d 62 61 20 74 68 |y Paul Z|iemba th|
|00004be0| 61 74 20 65 6e 61 62 6c | 65 20 79 6f 75 20 74 6f |at enabl|e you to|
|00004bf0| 20 72 75 6e 20 66 74 70 | 0a 58 61 6e 64 20 74 65 | run ftp|.Xand te|
|00004c00| 6c 6e 65 74 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 61 63 |lnet com|mands ac|
|00004c10| 72 6f 73 73 20 61 20 66 | 69 72 65 77 61 6c 6c 2e |ross a f|irewall.|
|00004c20| 20 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 | 73 6f 63 6b 73 20 69 74 | Unlike |socks it|
|00004c30| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 | can be |used wit|
|00004c40| 68 0a 58 75 6e 6d 6f 64 | 69 66 69 65 64 20 63 6c |h.Xunmod|ified cl|
|00004c50| 69 65 6e 74 20 73 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 2e 20 41 |ient sof|tware. A|
|00004c60| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 66 74 |vailable| from ft|
|00004c70| 70 2e 61 6c 61 6e 74 65 | 63 2e 63 6f 6d 2c 20 2f |p.alante|c.com, /|
|00004c80| 70 75 62 2f 74 63 70 72 | 2e 0a 58 0a 58 56 65 72 |pub/tcpr|..X.XVer|
|00004c90| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 72 73 68 64 20 61 6e |sions of| rshd an|
|00004ca0| 64 20 72 6c 6f 67 69 6e | 64 2c 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 |d rlogin|d, modif|
|00004cb0| 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 | 65 70 6f 72 74 20 74 68 |ied to r|eport th|
|00004cc0| 65 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 | 20 75 73 65 72 20 6e 61 |e remote| user na|
|00004cd0| 6d 65 0a 58 69 6e 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 |me.Xin a|ddition |
|00004ce0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 68 6f |to the r|emote ho|
|00004cf0| 73 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 2c | 20 61 72 65 20 61 76 61 |st name,| are ava|
|00004d00| 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 |ilable f|or anony|
|00004d10| 6d 6f 75 73 20 66 74 70 | 0a 58 28 66 74 70 2e 77 |mous ftp|.X(ftp.w|
|00004d20| 69 6e 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e | 6c 3a 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 |in.tue.n|l:/pub/s|
|00004d30| 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f | 6c 6f 67 64 61 65 6d 6f |ecurity/|logdaemo|
|00004d40| 6e 2d 58 58 2e 74 61 72 | 2e 5a 29 2e 20 20 54 68 |n-XX.tar|.Z). Th|
|00004d50| 65 73 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 73 20 61 72 65 |ese prog|rams are|
|00004d60| 0a 58 64 72 6f 70 2d 69 | 6e 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 |.Xdrop-i|n replac|
|00004d70| 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 53 75 6e 4f 53 |ements f|or SunOS|
|00004d80| 20 34 2e 78 2c 20 55 6c | 74 72 69 78 20 34 2e 78 | 4.x, Ul|trix 4.x|
|00004d90| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 53 75 | 6e 4f 53 20 35 2e 78 2e |, and Su|nOS 5.x.|
|00004da0| 20 54 68 69 73 0a 58 61 | 72 63 68 69 76 65 20 61 | This.Xa|rchive a|
|00004db0| 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 73 20 66 74 70 |lso cont|ains ftp|
|00004dc0| 64 2f 72 65 78 65 63 64 | 2f 6c 6f 67 69 6e 20 76 |d/rexecd|/login v|
|00004dd0| 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 73 75 70 |ersions |that sup|
|00004de0| 70 6f 72 74 20 53 2f 4b | 65 79 0a 58 6f 6e 65 2d |port S/K|ey.Xone-|
|00004df0| 74 69 6d 65 20 70 61 73 | 73 77 6f 72 64 73 20 28 |time pas|swords (|
|00004e00| 74 65 73 74 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 53 75 6e 4f |tested w|ith SunO|
|00004e10| 53 20 5b 34 35 5d 20 61 | 6e 64 20 34 34 42 53 44 |S [45] a|nd 44BSD|
|00004e20| 29 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 | 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 65 |)..X.XTh|e secure|
|00004e30| 6c 69 62 20 73 68 61 72 | 65 64 20 6c 69 62 72 61 |lib shar|ed libra|
|00004e40| 72 79 20 62 79 20 57 69 | 6c 6c 69 61 6d 20 4c 65 |ry by Wi|lliam Le|
|00004e50| 46 65 62 76 72 65 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 |Febvre c|an be us|
|00004e60| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 6f | 6e 74 72 6f 6c 0a 58 61 |ed to co|ntrol.Xa|
|00004e70| 63 63 65 73 73 20 74 6f | 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b |ccess to| network|
|00004e80| 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 | daemons| that ar|
|00004e90| 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 75 | 6e 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 |e not ru|n under |
|00004ea0| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 |control |of the i|
|00004eb0| 6e 65 74 64 0a 58 6f 72 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 65 |netd.Xor| that se|
|00004ec0| 72 76 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e |rve more| than on|
|00004ed0| 65 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |e client|, such a|
|00004ee0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 4e 46 | 53 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 |s the NF|S mount |
|00004ef0| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 61 74 0a 58 72 75 6e |daemon t|hat.Xrun|
|00004f00| 73 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 63 68 |s until |the mach|
|00004f10| 69 6e 65 20 67 6f 65 73 | 20 64 6f 77 6e 2e 20 20 |ine goes| down. |
|00004f20| 41 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c | 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 65 |Availabl|e from e|
|00004f30| 65 63 73 2e 6e 77 75 2e | 65 64 75 2c 20 66 69 6c |ecs.nwu.|edu, fil|
|00004f40| 65 0a 58 2f 70 75 62 2f | 73 65 63 75 72 65 6c 69 |e.X/pub/|secureli|
|00004f50| 62 2e 74 61 72 2e 0a 58 | 0a 58 78 69 6e 65 74 64 |b.tar..X|.Xxinetd|
|00004f60| 20 28 70 6f 73 74 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 | (posted| to comp|
|00004f70| 2e 73 6f 75 72 63 65 73 | 2e 75 6e 69 78 29 20 69 |.sources|.unix) i|
|00004f80| 73 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 65 | 74 64 20 72 65 70 6c 61 |s an ine|td repla|
|00004f90| 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 0a 58 70 72 6f |cement t|hat.Xpro|
|00004fa0| 76 69 64 65 73 2c 20 61 | 6d 6f 6e 67 20 6f 74 68 |vides, a|mong oth|
|00004fb0| 65 72 73 2c 20 6c 6f 67 | 67 69 6e 67 2c 20 75 73 |ers, log|ging, us|
|00004fc0| 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 75 70 20 61 6e |ername l|ookup an|
|00004fd0| 64 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |d access| control|
|00004fe0| 2e 0a 58 48 6f 77 65 76 | 65 72 2c 20 69 74 20 64 |..XHowev|er, it d|
|00004ff0| 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 |oes not |support |
|00005000| 74 68 65 20 53 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 56 20 54 4c 49 |the Syst|em V TLI|
|00005010| 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | service|s, and i|
|00005020| 74 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 0a 58 73 69 78 20 74 |t is onl|y.Xsix t|
|00005030| 69 6d 65 73 20 61 73 20 | 6d 75 63 68 20 73 6f 75 |imes as |much sou|
|00005040| 72 63 65 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |rce code| as the |
|00005050| 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 77 | 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 |daemon w|rapper p|
|00005060| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e | 0a 58 0a 58 6e 65 74 6c |rograms.|.X.Xnetl|
|00005070| 6f 67 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 54 65 78 61 73 20 41 26 |og from |Texas A&|
|00005080| 4d 20 72 65 6c 69 65 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |M relies| on the |
|00005090| 53 75 6e 4f 53 20 34 2e | 78 20 2f 64 65 76 2f 6e |SunOS 4.|x /dev/n|
|000050a0| 69 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 66 61 63 65 20 74 6f 0a |it inter|face to.|
|000050b0| 58 70 61 73 73 69 76 65 | 6c 79 20 77 61 74 63 68 |Xpassive|ly watch|
|000050c0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 54 43 50 | 20 61 6e 64 20 55 44 50 | all TCP| and UDP|
|000050d0| 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b | 20 74 72 61 66 66 69 63 | network| traffic|
|000050e0| 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 6e 65 | 74 77 6f 72 6b 2e 20 20 | on a ne|twork. |
|000050f0| 54 68 65 0a 58 63 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 20 76 65 72 |The.Xcur|rent ver|
|00005100| 73 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 6e 65 74 2e 74 61 6d 75 |sion is |net.tamu|
|00005110| 2e 65 64 75 3a 2f 70 75 | 62 2f 73 65 63 75 72 69 |.edu:/pu|b/securi|
|00005120| 74 79 2f 54 41 4d 55 2f | 6e 65 74 6c 6f 67 2d 31 |ty/TAMU/|netlog-1|
|00005130| 2e 32 2e 74 61 72 2e 67 | 7a 2e 0a 58 0a 58 57 68 |.2.tar.g|z..X.XWh|
|00005140| 65 72 65 20 73 68 61 72 | 65 64 20 6c 69 62 72 61 |ere shar|ed libra|
|00005150| 72 69 65 73 20 6f 72 20 | 72 6f 75 74 65 72 2d 62 |ries or |router-b|
|00005160| 61 73 65 64 20 70 61 63 | 6b 65 74 20 66 69 6c 74 |ased pac|ket filt|
|00005170| 65 72 69 6e 67 20 61 72 | 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 6e |ering ar|e not an|
|00005180| 0a 58 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 61 6e 20 61 6c 74 |.Xoption|, an alt|
|00005190| 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 | 20 70 6f 72 74 6d 61 70 |ernative| portmap|
|000051a0| 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 | 63 61 6e 20 68 65 6c 70 | daemon |can help|
|000051b0| 20 74 6f 20 69 6d 70 72 | 6f 76 65 20 52 50 43 20 | to impr|ove RPC |
|000051c0| 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 | 2c 0a 58 69 6e 20 70 61 |security|,.Xin pa|
|000051d0| 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 66 |rticular| that of|
|000051e0| 20 4e 46 53 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | NFS and| of the |
|000051f0| 4e 49 53 20 28 59 50 29 | 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 |NIS (YP)| informa|
|00005200| 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 72 | 76 69 63 65 2e 0a 58 66 |tion ser|vice..Xf|
|00005210| 74 70 2e 77 69 6e 2e 74 | 75 65 2e 6e 6c 3a 2f 70 |tp.win.t|ue.nl:/p|
|00005220| 75 62 2f 73 65 63 75 72 | 69 74 79 2f 70 6f 72 74 |ub/secur|ity/port|
|00005230| 6d 61 70 2e 73 68 61 72 | 2e 5a 20 77 61 73 20 74 |map.shar|.Z was t|
|00005240| 65 73 74 65 64 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 53 75 6e 4f 53 |ested wi|th SunOS|
|00005250| 20 34 2e 31 2e 31 0a 58 | 2e 2e 2e 20 34 2e 31 2e | 4.1.1.X|... 4.1.|
|00005260| 33 2c 20 55 6c 74 72 69 | 78 20 33 2e 30 20 61 6e |3, Ultri|x 3.0 an|
|00005270| 64 20 55 6c 74 72 69 78 | 20 34 2e 78 2c 20 48 50 |d Ultrix| 4.x, HP|
|00005280| 2d 55 58 20 38 2e 78 20 | 61 6e 64 20 41 49 58 2e |-UX 8.x |and AIX.|
|00005290| 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a | The pro|tection.|
|000052a0| 58 69 73 20 6c 65 73 73 | 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 |Xis less| effecti|
|000052b0| 76 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 6f 66 20 |ve than |that of |
|000052c0| 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 75 | 72 65 6c 69 62 20 6c 69 |the secu|relib li|
|000052d0| 62 72 61 72 79 20 62 65 | 63 61 75 73 65 20 70 6f |brary be|cause po|
|000052e0| 72 74 6d 61 70 20 69 73 | 0a 58 6d 6f 73 74 6c 79 |rtmap is|.Xmostly|
|000052f0| 20 61 20 64 69 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 72 79 20 73 65 | a dicti|onary se|
|00005300| 72 76 69 63 65 2e 20 20 | 53 75 6e 4f 53 20 34 2e |rvice. |SunOS 4.|
|00005310| 78 20 75 73 65 72 73 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 69 |x users |should i|
|00005320| 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 61 74 65 73 |nstall t|he lates|
|00005330| 74 0a 58 72 65 76 69 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 |t.Xrevis|ion of t|
|00005340| 68 65 20 70 6f 72 74 6d | 61 70 20 61 6e 64 20 4e |he portm|ap and N|
|00005350| 49 53 20 64 61 65 6d 6f | 6e 73 20 69 6e 73 74 65 |IS daemo|ns inste|
|00005360| 61 64 20 28 70 61 74 63 | 68 20 31 30 30 34 38 32 |ad (patc|h 100482|
|00005370| 29 20 6f 72 20 61 64 6f | 70 74 0a 58 4e 49 53 2b |) or ado|pt.XNIS+|
|00005380| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 | 61 73 20 61 63 63 65 73 | which h|as acces|
|00005390| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 20 62 75 69 6c 74 20 |s contro|l built |
|000053a0| 69 6e 2e 0a 58 0a 58 53 | 6f 75 72 63 65 20 66 6f |in..X.XS|ource fo|
|000053b0| 72 20 61 20 70 6f 72 74 | 61 62 6c 65 20 52 46 43 |r a port|able RFC|
|000053c0| 20 39 33 31 20 28 54 41 | 50 2c 20 49 44 45 4e 54 | 931 (TA|P, IDENT|
|000053d0| 29 2d 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 | 69 62 6c 65 20 64 61 65 |)-compat|ible dae|
|000053e0| 6d 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 50 | 65 74 65 72 0a 58 45 72 |mon by P|eter.XEr|
|000053f0| 69 6b 73 73 6f 6e 20 69 | 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 |iksson i|s availa|
|00005400| 62 6c 65 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 66 74 70 2e 6c 79 73 |ble from| ftp.lys|
|00005410| 61 74 6f 72 2e 6c 69 75 | 2e 73 65 3a 2f 70 75 62 |ator.liu|.se:/pub|
|00005420| 2f 69 64 65 6e 74 2f 73 | 65 72 76 65 72 73 2e 0a |/ident/s|ervers..|
|00005430| 58 0a 58 53 6f 6d 65 20 | 54 43 50 2f 49 50 20 69 |X.XSome |TCP/IP i|
|00005440| 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 |mplement|ations c|
|00005450| 6f 6d 65 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 73 79 73 6c |ome with|out sysl|
|00005460| 6f 67 20 6c 69 62 72 61 | 72 79 2e 20 53 6f 6d 65 |og libra|ry. Some|
|00005470| 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 0a 58 74 68 65 20 | come wi|th.Xthe |
|00005480| 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 | 62 75 74 20 68 61 76 65 |library |but have|
|00005490| 20 6e 6f 20 73 79 73 6c | 6f 67 20 64 61 65 6d 6f | no sysl|og daemo|
|000054a0| 6e 2e 20 41 20 72 65 70 | 6c 61 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 |n. A rep|lacement|
|000054b0| 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e | can be |found in|
|000054c0| 0a 58 66 74 70 2e 77 69 | 6e 2e 74 75 65 2e 6e 6c |.Xftp.wi|n.tue.nl|
|000054d0| 3a 2f 70 75 62 2f 73 65 | 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 73 |:/pub/se|curity/s|
|000054e0| 75 72 72 6f 67 61 74 65 | 2d 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 2e |urrogate|-syslog.|
|000054f0| 74 61 72 2e 5a 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 66 61 6b 65 |tar.Z. |The fake|
|00005500| 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 0a 58 | 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 |syslog.X|library |
|00005510| 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 6d | 65 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 |that com|es with |
|00005520| 74 68 65 20 6e 6e 74 70 | 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 73 |the nntp| sources|
|00005530| 20 72 65 70 6f 72 74 65 | 64 6c 79 20 77 6f 72 6b | reporte|dly work|
|00005540| 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2c 20 | 74 6f 6f 2e 0a 58 0a 58 |s well, |too..X.X|
|00005550| 36 20 2d 20 4c 69 6d 69 | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a |6 - Limi|tations.|
|00005560| 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |X-------|--------|
|00005570| 0a 58 0a 58 36 2e 31 20 | 2d 20 4b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 |.X.X6.1 |- Known |
|00005580| 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 20 | 6c 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 |wrapper |limitati|
|00005590| 6f 6e 73 0a 58 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ons.X---|--------|
|000055a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000055b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 | 53 6f 6d 65 20 55 44 50 |----.X.X|Some UDP|
|000055c0| 20 28 61 6e 64 20 72 70 | 63 2f 75 64 70 29 20 64 | (and rp|c/udp) d|
|000055d0| 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 6c | 69 6e 67 65 72 20 61 72 |aemons l|inger ar|
|000055e0| 6f 75 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 20 77 68 69 6c 65 |ound for| a while|
|000055f0| 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 79 0a 58 68 61 76 | after t|hey.Xhav|
|00005600| 65 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 | 65 64 20 61 20 72 65 71 |e servic|ed a req|
|00005610| 75 65 73 74 2c 20 6a 75 | 73 74 20 69 6e 20 63 61 |uest, ju|st in ca|
|00005620| 73 65 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 72 65 71 75 65 |se anoth|er reque|
|00005630| 73 74 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 20 69 6e 2e 20 20 49 6e |st comes| in. In|
|00005640| 20 74 68 65 0a 58 69 6e | 65 74 64 20 63 6f 6e 66 | the.Xin|etd conf|
|00005650| 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 20 74 |iguratio|n file t|
|00005660| 68 65 73 65 20 64 61 65 | 6d 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 |hese dae|mons are|
|00005670| 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 | 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | registe|red with|
|00005680| 20 74 68 65 20 60 77 61 | 69 74 27 0a 58 6f 70 74 | the `wa|it'.Xopt|
|00005690| 69 6f 6e 2e 20 4f 6e 6c | 79 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |ion. Onl|y the re|
|000056a0| 71 75 65 73 74 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 73 74 61 72 74 |quest th|at start|
|000056b0| 65 64 20 73 75 63 68 20 | 61 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e |ed such |a daemon|
|000056c0| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 73 65 65 6e 20 62 79 | will be| seen by|
|000056d0| 20 74 68 65 0a 58 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 73 2e 20 | the.Xwr|appers. |
|000056e0| 20 53 75 63 68 20 64 61 | 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 | Such da|emons ar|
|000056f0| 65 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 |e better| protect|
|00005700| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 75 |ed with |the secu|
|00005710| 72 65 6c 69 62 20 73 68 | 61 72 65 64 0a 58 6c 69 |relib sh|ared.Xli|
|00005720| 62 72 61 72 79 20 28 73 | 65 65 3a 20 52 65 6c 61 |brary (s|ee: Rela|
|00005730| 74 65 64 20 73 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 29 2e 0a 58 |ted soft|ware)..X|
|00005740| 0a 58 54 68 65 20 77 72 | 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 64 |.XThe wr|appers d|
|00005750| 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 6f | 72 6b 20 77 69 74 68 20 |o not wo|rk with |
|00005760| 52 50 43 20 73 65 72 76 | 69 63 65 73 20 6f 76 65 |RPC serv|ices ove|
|00005770| 72 20 54 43 50 2e 20 54 | 68 65 73 65 20 73 65 72 |r TCP. T|hese ser|
|00005780| 76 69 63 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 0a 58 72 65 67 69 73 |vices ar|e.Xregis|
|00005790| 74 65 72 65 64 20 61 73 | 20 72 70 63 2f 74 63 70 |tered as| rpc/tcp|
|000057a0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 65 74 64 20 63 6f | in the |inetd co|
|000057b0| 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 |nfigurat|ion file|
|000057c0| 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6f 6e | 6c 79 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 0a |. The on|ly non-.|
|000057d0| 58 74 72 69 76 69 61 6c | 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 |Xtrivial| service|
|000057e0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 65 | that is| affecte|
|000057f0| 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 61 |d by thi|s limita|
|00005800| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 72 65 78 64 2c 20 77 68 |tion is |rexd, wh|
|00005810| 69 63 68 20 69 73 0a 58 | 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ich is.X|used by |
|00005820| 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 28 31 | 29 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |the on(1|) comman|
|00005830| 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 67 72 |d. This |is no gr|
|00005840| 65 61 74 20 6c 6f 73 73 | 2e 20 20 4f 6e 20 6d 6f |eat loss|. On mo|
|00005850| 73 74 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 73 2c 0a 58 72 65 78 |st syste|ms,.Xrex|
|00005860| 64 20 69 73 20 6c 65 73 | 73 20 73 65 63 75 72 65 |d is les|s secure|
|00005870| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 61 20 | 77 69 6c 64 63 61 72 64 | than a |wildcard|
|00005880| 20 69 6e 20 2f 65 74 63 | 2f 68 6f 73 74 73 2e 65 | in /etc|/hosts.e|
|00005890| 71 75 69 76 2e 0a 58 0a | 58 53 6f 6d 65 20 52 50 |quiv..X.|XSome RP|
|000058a0| 43 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 | 74 73 20 28 66 6f 72 20 |C reques|ts (for |
|000058b0| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 3a | 20 72 77 61 6c 6c 2c 20 |example:| rwall, |
|000058c0| 72 75 70 2c 20 72 75 73 | 65 72 73 29 20 61 70 70 |rup, rus|ers) app|
|000058d0| 65 61 72 20 74 6f 20 63 | 6f 6d 65 20 66 72 6f 6d |ear to c|ome from|
|000058e0| 0a 58 74 68 65 20 72 65 | 73 70 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 |.Xthe re|sponding|
|000058f0| 20 68 6f 73 74 2e 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 68 61 70 70 | host. W|hat happ|
|00005900| 65 6e 73 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |ens is t|hat the |
|00005910| 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 73 | 65 6e 64 73 20 69 74 73 |client s|ends its|
|00005920| 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 | 0a 58 74 6f 20 61 6c 6c | request|.Xto all|
|00005930| 20 70 6f 72 74 6d 61 70 | 20 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 | portmap| daemons|
|00005940| 20 6f 6e 20 69 74 73 20 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 3b | on its |network;|
|00005950| 20 65 61 63 68 20 70 6f | 72 74 6d 61 70 20 64 61 | each po|rtmap da|
|00005960| 65 6d 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 | 77 61 72 64 73 20 74 68 |emon for|wards th|
|00005970| 65 0a 58 72 65 71 75 65 | 73 74 20 74 6f 20 69 74 |e.Xreque|st to it|
|00005980| 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 41 73 |s own sy|stem. As|
|00005990| 20 66 61 72 20 61 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 77 61 6c | far as |the rwal|
|000059a0| 6c 20 65 74 63 2e 20 20 | 64 61 65 6d 6f 6e 73 20 |l etc. |daemons |
|000059b0| 6b 6e 6f 77 2c 20 74 68 | 65 0a 58 72 65 71 75 65 |know, th|e.Xreque|
|000059c0| 73 74 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 |st comes| from th|
|000059d0| 65 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 | 68 6f 73 74 2e 0a 58 0a |e local |host..X.|
|000059e0| 58 50 6f 72 74 6d 61 70 | 20 61 6e 64 20 52 50 43 |XPortmap| and RPC|
|000059f0| 20 28 65 2e 67 2e 20 4e | 49 53 20 61 6e 64 20 4e | (e.g. N|IS and N|
|00005a00| 46 53 29 20 28 69 6e 29 | 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 |FS) (in)|security|
|00005a10| 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 6f | 70 69 63 20 69 6e 20 69 | is a to|pic in i|
|00005a20| 74 73 65 6c 66 2e 0a 58 | 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 |tself..X|See the |
|00005a30| 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 |section |in this |
|00005a40| 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 6e 20 72 65 6c 61 |document| on rela|
|00005a50| 74 65 64 20 73 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 2e 0a 58 0a |ted soft|ware..X.|
|00005a60| 58 36 2e 32 20 2d 20 4b | 6e 6f 77 6e 20 73 79 73 |X6.2 - K|nown sys|
|00005a70| 74 65 6d 20 73 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 20 62 75 67 |tem soft|ware bug|
|00005a80| 73 0a 58 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |s.X-----|--------|
|00005a90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005aa0| 2d 2d 2d 0a 58 0a 58 57 | 6f 72 6b 61 72 6f 75 6e |---.X.XW|orkaroun|
|00005ab0| 64 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 69 6d 70 |ds have |been imp|
|00005ac0| 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 | 20 66 6f 72 20 73 65 76 |lemented| for sev|
|00005ad0| 65 72 61 6c 20 62 75 67 | 73 20 69 6e 20 73 79 73 |eral bug|s in sys|
|00005ae0| 74 65 6d 20 73 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 2e 0a 58 54 |tem soft|ware..XT|
|00005af0| 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |hey are |describe|
|00005b00| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 4d 61 6b 65 66 69 6c |d in the| Makefil|
|00005b10| 65 2e 20 55 6e 66 6f 72 | 74 75 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 |e. Unfor|tunately|
|00005b20| 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 20 73 6f |, some s|ystem so|
|00005b30| 66 74 77 61 72 65 0a 58 | 62 75 67 73 20 63 61 6e |ftware.X|bugs can|
|00005b40| 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 77 | 6f 72 6b 65 64 20 61 72 |not be w|orked ar|
|00005b50| 6f 75 6e 64 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |ound. Th|e result|
|00005b60| 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 73 73 | 20 6f 66 20 66 75 6e 63 | is loss| of func|
|00005b70| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 69 74 | 79 2e 0a 58 0a 58 4f 6c |tionalit|y..X.XOl|
|00005b80| 64 65 72 20 43 6f 6e 76 | 65 78 4f 53 20 76 65 72 |der Conv|exOS ver|
|00005b90| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 6f | 6d 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |sions co|me with |
|00005ba0| 61 20 62 72 6f 6b 65 6e | 20 72 65 63 76 66 72 6f |a broken| recvfro|
|00005bb0| 6d 28 32 29 20 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 |m(2) imp|lementat|
|00005bc0| 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 58 54 68 | 69 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 |ion..XTh|is makes|
|00005bd0| 20 69 74 20 69 6d 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 | it impo|ssible f|
|00005be0| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 64 | 61 65 6d 6f 6e 20 77 72 |or the d|aemon wr|
|00005bf0| 61 70 70 65 72 73 20 74 | 6f 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 75 |appers t|o look u|
|00005c00| 70 20 74 68 65 0a 58 72 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 68 6f |p the.Xr|emote ho|
|00005c10| 73 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 28 61 6e 64 20 |st addre|ss (and |
|00005c20| 68 65 6e 63 65 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 29 |hence, t|he name)|
|00005c30| 20 69 6e 20 63 61 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 55 44 50 20 | in case| of UDP |
|00005c40| 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 73 | 2e 0a 58 41 20 70 61 74 |requests|..XA pat|
|00005c50| 63 68 20 69 73 20 61 76 | 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 |ch is av|ailable |
|00005c60| 66 6f 72 20 43 6f 6e 76 | 65 78 4f 53 20 31 30 2e |for Conv|exOS 10.|
|00005c70| 31 3b 20 6c 61 74 65 72 | 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 |1; later| release|
|00005c80| 73 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 62 65 20 4f 4b 2e 0a |s should| be OK..|
|00005c90| 58 0a 58 57 69 74 68 20 | 65 61 72 6c 79 20 53 6f |X.XWith |early So|
|00005ca0| 6c 61 72 69 73 20 28 53 | 75 6e 4f 53 20 35 29 20 |laris (S|unOS 5) |
|00005cb0| 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 |versions|, the sy|
|00005cc0| 73 6c 6f 67 20 64 61 65 | 6d 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c |slog dae|mon will|
|00005cd0| 20 6c 65 61 76 65 0a 58 | 62 65 68 69 6e 64 20 7a | leave.X|behind z|
|00005ce0| 6f 6d 62 69 65 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 20 77 68 |ombie pr|ocess wh|
|00005cf0| 65 6e 20 77 72 69 74 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f |en writi|ng to lo|
|00005d00| 67 67 65 64 2d 69 6e 20 | 75 73 65 72 73 2e 20 20 |gged-in |users. |
|00005d10| 57 6f 72 6b 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 3a 0a 58 69 6e 63 |Workarou|nd:.Xinc|
|00005d20| 72 65 61 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 79 73 6c 6f 67 |rease th|e syslog|
|00005d30| 64 20 74 68 72 65 73 68 | 6f 6c 64 20 66 6f 72 20 |d thresh|old for |
|00005d40| 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 75 73 65 72 73 |logging |to users|
|00005d50| 2c 20 6f 72 20 72 65 64 | 75 63 65 20 74 68 65 0a |, or red|uce the.|
|00005d60| 58 77 72 61 70 70 65 72 | 27 73 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 |Xwrapper|'s loggi|
|00005d70| 6e 67 20 73 65 76 65 72 | 69 74 79 2e 0a 58 0a 58 |ng sever|ity..X.X|
|00005d80| 4f 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 2c |On some |systems,|
|00005d90| 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 52 46 | the opt|ional RF|
|00005da0| 43 20 39 33 31 20 72 65 | 6d 6f 74 65 20 75 73 65 |C 931 re|mote use|
|00005db0| 72 6e 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f | 6f 6b 75 70 73 20 6d 61 |rname lo|okups ma|
|00005dc0| 79 0a 58 74 72 69 67 67 | 65 72 20 61 20 6b 65 72 |y.Xtrigg|er a ker|
|00005dd0| 6e 65 6c 20 62 75 67 2e | 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 61 |nel bug.| When a|
|00005de0| 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 | 68 6f 73 74 20 63 6f 6e | client |host con|
|00005df0| 6e 65 63 74 73 20 74 6f | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 73 79 |nects to| your sy|
|00005e00| 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 61 6e | 64 0a 58 74 68 65 20 52 |stem, an|d.Xthe R|
|00005e10| 46 43 20 39 33 31 20 63 | 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f |FC 931 c|onnectio|
|00005e20| 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 79 | 6f 75 72 20 73 79 73 74 |n from y|our syst|
|00005e30| 65 6d 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 6c 69 65 6e |em to th|at clien|
|00005e40| 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 6a | 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 |t is rej|ected by|
|00005e50| 20 61 0a 58 72 6f 75 74 | 65 72 2c 20 79 6f 75 72 | a.Xrout|er, your|
|00005e60| 20 6b 65 72 6e 65 6c 20 | 6d 61 79 20 64 72 6f 70 | kernel |may drop|
|00005e70| 20 61 6c 6c 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | all con|nections|
|00005e80| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 6c 69 65 6e | with th|at clien|
|00005e90| 74 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 0a 58 6e 6f 74 |t. This| is.Xnot|
|00005ea0| 20 61 20 62 75 67 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 | a bug i|n the wr|
|00005eb0| 61 70 70 65 72 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 3a 20 |apper pr|ograms: |
|00005ec0| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 61 69 6e | 20 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 |complain| to your|
|00005ed0| 20 76 65 6e 64 6f 72 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 64 6f 6e | vendor,| and don|
|00005ee0| 27 74 0a 58 65 6e 61 62 | 6c 65 20 72 65 6d 6f 74 |'t.Xenab|le remot|
|00005ef0| 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 6e | 61 6d 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b |e user n|ame look|
|00005f00| 75 70 73 20 75 6e 74 69 | 6c 20 74 68 65 20 62 75 |ups unti|l the bu|
|00005f10| 67 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 | 65 6e 20 66 69 78 65 64 |g has be|en fixed|
|00005f20| 2e 0a 58 0a 58 52 65 70 | 6f 72 74 65 64 6c 79 2c |..X.XRep|ortedly,|
|00005f30| 20 53 75 6e 4f 53 20 34 | 2e 31 2e 31 2c 20 4e 65 | SunOS 4|.1.1, Ne|
|00005f40| 78 74 20 32 2e 30 61 2c | 20 49 53 43 20 33 2e 30 |xt 2.0a,| ISC 3.0|
|00005f50| 20 77 69 74 68 20 54 43 | 50 20 31 2e 33 2c 20 61 | with TC|P 1.3, a|
|00005f60| 6e 64 20 41 49 58 20 33 | 2e 32 2e 32 0a 58 61 6e |nd AIX 3|.2.2.Xan|
|00005f70| 64 20 6c 61 74 65 72 20 | 61 72 65 20 4f 4b 2e 0a |d later |are OK..|
|00005f80| 58 0a 58 53 6f 6e 79 20 | 4e 65 77 73 2f 4f 53 20 |X.XSony |News/OS |
|00005f90| 34 2e 35 31 2c 20 48 50 | 2d 55 58 20 38 2d 73 6f |4.51, HP|-UX 8-so|
|00005fa0| 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 20 | 61 6e 64 20 55 6c 74 72 |mething |and Ultr|
|00005fb0| 69 78 20 34 2e 33 20 73 | 74 69 6c 6c 20 68 61 76 |ix 4.3 s|till hav|
|00005fc0| 65 20 74 68 65 20 62 75 | 67 2e 0a 58 52 65 70 6f |e the bu|g..XRepo|
|00005fd0| 72 74 65 64 6c 79 2c 20 | 61 20 66 69 78 20 66 6f |rtedly, |a fix fo|
|00005fe0| 72 20 55 6c 74 72 69 78 | 20 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 |r Ultrix| is avai|
|00005ff0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 28 28 | 43 58 4f 2d 38 39 31 39 |lable ((|CXO-8919|
|00006000| 29 2e 0a 58 0a 58 54 68 | 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |)..X.XTh|e follow|
|00006010| 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 63 | 65 64 75 72 65 20 63 61 |ing proc|edure ca|
|00006020| 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 | 64 20 28 66 72 6f 6d 20 |n be use|d (from |
|00006030| 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 74 75 65 2e |outside |the tue.|
|00006040| 6e 6c 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 | 6e 29 20 74 6f 0a 58 66 |nl domai|n) to.Xf|
|00006050| 69 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 20 | 69 66 20 79 6f 75 72 20 |ind out |if your |
|00006060| 6b 65 72 6e 65 6c 20 68 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 |kernel h|as the b|
|00006070| 75 67 2e 20 46 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |ug. From| the sys|
|00006080| 74 65 6d 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 74 65 73 74 2c 20 |tem unde|r test, |
|00006090| 64 6f 3a 0a 58 0a 58 09 | 25 20 66 74 70 20 31 33 |do:.X.X.|% ftp 13|
|000060a0| 31 2e 31 35 35 2e 37 30 | 2e 31 30 30 0a 58 0a 58 |1.155.70|.100.X.X|
|000060b0| 54 68 69 73 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 61 74 74 |This com|mand att|
|000060c0| 65 6d 70 74 73 20 74 6f | 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 6e |empts to| make an|
|000060d0| 20 66 74 70 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | ftp con|nection |
|000060e0| 74 6f 20 6f 75 72 20 61 | 6e 6f 6e 79 6d 6f 75 73 |to our a|nonymous|
|000060f0| 20 66 74 70 0a 58 73 65 | 72 76 65 72 20 28 66 74 | ftp.Xse|rver (ft|
|00006100| 70 2e 77 69 6e 2e 74 75 | 65 2e 6e 6c 29 2e 20 20 |p.win.tu|e.nl). |
|00006110| 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 |When the| connect|
|00006120| 69 6f 6e 20 68 61 73 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 65 73 74 |ion has |been est|
|00006130| 61 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 | 2c 20 72 75 6e 0a 58 74 |ablished|, run.Xt|
|00006140| 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d |he follo|wing com|
|00006150| 6d 61 6e 64 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 |mand fro|m the sa|
|00006160| 6d 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 |me syste|m under |
|00006170| 74 65 73 74 2c 20 77 68 | 69 6c 65 20 6b 65 65 70 |test, wh|ile keep|
|00006180| 69 6e 67 0a 58 74 68 65 | 20 66 74 70 20 63 6f 6e |ing.Xthe| ftp con|
|00006190| 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 70 65 6e 3a 0a 58 0a |nection |open:.X.|
|000061a0| 58 09 25 20 74 65 6c 6e | 65 74 20 31 33 31 2e 31 |X.% teln|et 131.1|
|000061b0| 35 35 2e 37 30 2e 31 30 | 30 20 31 31 31 0a 58 0a |55.70.10|0 111.X.|
|000061c0| 58 44 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 66 6f 72 67 65 74 20 74 |XDo not |forget t|
|000061d0| 68 65 20 60 31 31 31 27 | 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |he `111'| at the |
|000061e0| 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |end of t|he comma|
|000061f0| 6e 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 20 |nd. This| telnet |
|00006200| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0a | 58 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 |command.|Xattempt|
|00006210| 73 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e | 6e 65 63 74 20 74 6f 20 |s to con|nect to |
|00006220| 6f 75 72 20 70 6f 72 74 | 6d 61 70 20 70 72 6f 63 |our port|map proc|
|00006230| 65 73 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 74 65 6c 6e 65 74 |ess. Th|e telnet|
|00006240| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 0a | command| should.|
|00006250| 58 66 61 69 6c 20 77 69 | 74 68 3a 20 20 22 68 6f |Xfail wi|th: "ho|
|00006260| 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 | 65 61 63 68 61 62 6c 65 |st not r|eachable|
|00006270| 22 2c 20 6f 72 20 73 6f | 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 20 |", or so|mething |
|00006280| 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f |like tha|t. If yo|
|00006290| 75 72 20 66 74 70 0a 58 | 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 |ur ftp.X|connecti|
|000062a0| 6f 6e 20 67 65 74 73 20 | 6d 65 73 73 65 64 20 75 |on gets |messed u|
|000062b0| 70 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 |p, you h|ave the |
|000062c0| 62 75 67 2e 20 49 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 74 65 6c 6e |bug. If |the teln|
|000062d0| 65 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 20 64 6f 65 73 0a |et comma|nd does.|
|000062e0| 58 6e 6f 74 20 66 61 69 | 6c 2c 20 70 6c 65 61 73 |Xnot fai|l, pleas|
|000062f0| 65 20 6c 65 74 20 6d 65 | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 61 2e |e let me| know a.|
|00006300| 73 2e 61 2e 70 2e 21 0a | 58 0a 58 46 6f 72 20 74 |s.a.p.!.|X.XFor t|
|00006310| 68 6f 73 65 20 77 68 6f | 20 63 61 72 65 2c 20 74 |hose who| care, t|
|00006320| 68 65 20 62 75 67 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |he bug i|s that t|
|00006330| 68 65 20 42 53 44 20 6b | 65 72 6e 65 6c 20 63 6f |he BSD k|ernel co|
|00006340| 64 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 63 61 72 65 66 |de was n|ot caref|
|00006350| 75 6c 0a 58 65 6e 6f 75 | 67 68 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ul.Xenou|gh with |
|00006360| 69 6e 63 6f 6d 69 6e 67 | 20 49 43 4d 50 20 55 4e |incoming| ICMP UN|
|00006370| 52 45 41 43 48 41 42 4c | 45 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f |REACHABL|E contro|
|00006380| 6c 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 | 65 73 20 28 69 74 20 69 |l messag|es (it i|
|00006390| 67 6e 6f 72 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 0a 58 6c 6f 63 61 |gnored t|he.Xloca|
|000063a0| 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 | 6d 6f 74 65 20 70 6f 72 |l and re|mote por|
|000063b0| 74 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |t number|s, and t|
|000063c0| 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 | 20 7a 61 70 70 65 64 20 |herefore| zapped |
|000063d0| 2a 61 6c 6c 2a 20 63 6f | 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e |*all* co|nnection|
|000063e0| 73 0a 58 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 72 65 6d 6f |s.Xwith |the remo|
|000063f0| 74 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |te syste|m). The |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.